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格式化代码

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F嘉阳
2018-06-17 20:31:19 +08:00
parent c47f63d484
commit d089585f2c
851 changed files with 32567 additions and 26715 deletions
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2
FindBugsFilter.xml
View File

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
<!--Should BigEgg$Yolk be a _static_ inner class?-->
<!--Should Egg$Yolk be a _static_ inner class?-->
</Match>
<!-------- Checked to here ------------------------------------------------->
<!-------- Checked to here ------------------------------------------------->
<Match class="Equivalence">
<BugCode name="RC"/>
<!--Suspicious comparison of java.lang.Integer references in Equivalence.main(String[]) At Equivalence.java:[line 7]-->

168
build.xml
View File

@@ -2,23 +2,23 @@
<project basedir="." default="run" name="Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel">
<description>
Main build.xml for the source code for
Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel
Code available at http://www.MindView.net
See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt
<description>
Main build.xml for the source code for
Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel
Code available at http://www.MindView.net
See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt
Ant available from: http://jakarta.apache.org/ant
Ant available from: http://jakarta.apache.org/ant
To see options, type: ant -p
</description>
To see options, type: ant -p
</description>
<condition property="version1.5">
<equals arg1="1.5" arg2="${ant.java.version}"/>
</condition>
<condition property="version1.5">
<equals arg1="1.5" arg2="${ant.java.version}"/>
</condition>
<filelist id="buildfiles" dir="."
files="object/build.xml
<filelist id="buildfiles" dir="."
files="object/build.xml
operators/build.xml
control/build.xml
initialization/build.xml
@@ -46,83 +46,83 @@
swt/build.xml
"/>
<target name="run" description="Compiles and runs all examples">
<delete file="errors.txt"/>
<subant>
<filelist refid="buildfiles"/>
</subant>
<available file="errors.txt" property="errors"/>
<antcall target="finish"/>
</target>
<target name="run" description="Compiles and runs all examples">
<delete file="errors.txt"/>
<subant>
<filelist refid="buildfiles"/>
</subant>
<available file="errors.txt" property="errors"/>
<antcall target="finish"/>
</target>
<target name="build" description="Compiles all examples">
<fail message="J2SE5 required" unless="version1.5"/>
<delete file="errors.txt"/>
<subant target="build">
<filelist refid="buildfiles"/>
</subant>
<available file="errors.txt" property="errors"/>
<antcall target="finish"/>
</target>
<target name="build" description="Compiles all examples">
<fail message="J2SE5 required" unless="version1.5"/>
<delete file="errors.txt"/>
<subant target="build">
<filelist refid="buildfiles"/>
</subant>
<available file="errors.txt" property="errors"/>
<antcall target="finish"/>
</target>
<target name="clean" description="delete all byproducts">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*.class"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*Output.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/log.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="errors.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="failures"/>
</delete>
<echo message="clean successful"/>
</target>
<target name="clean" description="delete all byproducts">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*.class"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*Output.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/log.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="errors.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="failures"/>
</delete>
<echo message="clean successful"/>
</target>
<target name="finish" if="errors">
<echo message="Errors occurred. See errors.txt for information."/>
</target>
<target name="finish" if="errors">
<echo message="Errors occurred. See errors.txt for information."/>
</target>
<target name="verify" depends="run"
description="Verifies comment output; requires Python 2.3">
<exec executable="python">
<arg value="OutputVerifier.py"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="verify" depends="run"
description="Verifies comment output; requires Python 2.3">
<exec executable="python">
<arg value="OutputVerifier.py"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="findbugs" depends="build"
description="Runs findbugs. Must install findbugs from findbugs.sourceforge.net">
<exec executable="findbugs.bat">
<arg value="-textui"/>
<arg value="-sortByClass"/>
<arg value="-exclude"/>
<arg value="FindBugsFilter.xml"/>
<arg value="-html"/>
<arg value="."/>
<redirector output="findbugs.html"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="findbugs" depends="build"
description="Runs findbugs. Must install findbugs from findbugs.sourceforge.net">
<exec executable="findbugs.bat">
<arg value="-textui"/>
<arg value="-sortByClass"/>
<arg value="-exclude"/>
<arg value="FindBugsFilter.xml"/>
<arg value="-html"/>
<arg value="."/>
<redirector output="findbugs.html"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="findbugs-plain" depends="build"
description="Runs findbugs with plain text output">
<exec executable="findbugs.bat">
<arg value="-textui"/>
<arg value="-sortByClass"/>
<arg value="-exclude"/>
<arg value="FindBugsFilter.xml"/>
<arg value="."/>
<redirector output="findbugs.txt"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="findbugs-plain" depends="build"
description="Runs findbugs with plain text output">
<exec executable="findbugs.bat">
<arg value="-textui"/>
<arg value="-sortByClass"/>
<arg value="-exclude"/>
<arg value="FindBugsFilter.xml"/>
<arg value="."/>
<redirector output="findbugs.txt"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="findbugs-xml" depends="build"
description="Runs findbugs with xml output">
<exec executable="findbugs.bat">
<arg value="-textui"/>
<arg value="-sortByClass"/>
<arg value="-exclude"/>
<arg value="FindBugsFilter.xml"/>
<arg value="-xml"/>
<arg value="."/>
<redirector output="findbugs.xml"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="findbugs-xml" depends="build"
description="Runs findbugs with xml output">
<exec executable="findbugs.bat">
<arg value="-textui"/>
<arg value="-sortByClass"/>
<arg value="-exclude"/>
<arg value="FindBugsFilter.xml"/>
<arg value="-xml"/>
<arg value="."/>
<redirector output="findbugs.xml"/>
</exec>
</target>
</project>

2
chapterOrder.xml
View File

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<filelist id="buildfiles" dir="."
files="object/build.xml
files="object/build.xml
operators/build.xml
control/build.xml
initialization/build.xml

8
src/access/Cake.java
View File

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ package access;//: access/Cake.java
// Accesses a class in a separate compilation unit.
class Cake {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Pie x = new Pie();
x.f();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Pie x = new Pie();
x.f();
}
} /* Output:
Pie.f()
*///:~

23
src/access/ChocolateChip.java
View File

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
package access;//: access/ChocolateChip.java
// Can't use package-access member from another package.
import access.dessert.*;
public class ChocolateChip extends Cookie {
public ChocolateChip() {
System.out.println("ChocolateChip constructor");
}
public void chomp() {
//! bite(); // Can't access bite
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChocolateChip x = new ChocolateChip();
x.chomp();
}
public ChocolateChip() {
System.out.println("ChocolateChip constructor");
}
public void chomp() {
//! bite(); // Can't access bite
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChocolateChip x = new ChocolateChip();
x.chomp();
}
} /* Output:
Cookie constructor
ChocolateChip constructor

21
src/access/ChocolateChip2.java
View File

@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
package access;//: access/ChocolateChip2.java
import access.cookie2.*;
public class ChocolateChip2 extends Cookie {
public ChocolateChip2() {
System.out.println("ChocolateChip2 constructor");
}
public void chomp() { bite(); } // Protected method
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChocolateChip2 x = new ChocolateChip2();
x.chomp();
}
public ChocolateChip2() {
System.out.println("ChocolateChip2 constructor");
}
public void chomp() {
bite();
} // Protected method
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChocolateChip2 x = new ChocolateChip2();
x.chomp();
}
} /* Output:
Cookie constructor
ChocolateChip2 constructor

9
src/access/Dinner.java
View File

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
package access;//: access/Dinner.java
// Uses the library.
import access.dessert.*;
public class Dinner {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Cookie x = new Cookie();
//! x.bite(); // Can't access
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Cookie x = new Cookie();
//! x.bite(); // Can't access
}
} /* Output:
Cookie constructor
*///:~

6
src/access/FullQualification.java
View File

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
package access;//: access/FullQualification.java
public class FullQualification {
public static void main(String[] args) {
java.util.ArrayList list = new java.util.ArrayList();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
java.util.ArrayList list = new java.util.ArrayList();
}
} ///:~

18
src/access/IceCream.java
View File

@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@ package access;//: access/IceCream.java
// Demonstrates "private" keyword.
class Sundae {
private Sundae() {}
static Sundae makeASundae() {
return new Sundae();
}
private Sundae() {
}
static Sundae makeASundae() {
return new Sundae();
}
}
public class IceCream {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//! Sundae x = new Sundae();
Sundae x = Sundae.makeASundae();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//! Sundae x = new Sundae();
Sundae x = Sundae.makeASundae();
}
} ///:~

7
src/access/ImportedMyClass.java
View File

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
package access;//: access/ImportedMyClass.java
import access.mypackage.*;
public class ImportedMyClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyClass m = new MyClass();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyClass m = new MyClass();
}
} ///:~

9
src/access/LibTest.java
View File

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
package access;//: access/LibTest.java
// Uses the library.
import net.mindview.simple.*;
public class LibTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector v = new Vector();
List l = new List();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector v = new Vector();
List l = new List();
}
} /* Output:
net.mindview.simple.Vector
net.mindview.simple.List

55
src/access/Lunch.java
View File

@@ -3,34 +3,43 @@ package access;//: access/Lunch.java
// effectively private with private constructors:
class Soup1 {
private Soup1() {}
// (1) Allow creation via static method:
public static Soup1 makeSoup() {
return new Soup1();
}
private Soup1() {
}
// (1) Allow creation via static method:
public static Soup1 makeSoup() {
return new Soup1();
}
}
class Soup2 {
private Soup2() {}
// (2) Create a static object and return a reference
// upon request.(The "Singleton" pattern):
private static Soup2 ps1 = new Soup2();
public static Soup2 access() {
return ps1;
}
public void f() {}
private Soup2() {
}
// (2) Create a static object and return a reference
// upon request.(The "Singleton" pattern):
private static Soup2 ps1 = new Soup2();
public static Soup2 access() {
return ps1;
}
public void f() {
}
}
// Only one public class allowed per file:
public class Lunch {
void testPrivate() {
// Can't do this! Private constructor:
//! Soup1 soup = new Soup1();
}
void testStatic() {
Soup1 soup = Soup1.makeSoup();
}
void testSingleton() {
Soup2.access().f();
}
void testPrivate() {
// Can't do this! Private constructor:
//! Soup1 soup = new Soup1();
}
void testStatic() {
Soup1 soup = Soup1.makeSoup();
}
void testSingleton() {
Soup2.access().f();
}
} ///:~

22
src/access/OrganizedByAccess.java
View File

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
package access;//: access/OrganizedByAccess.java
public class OrganizedByAccess {
public void pub1() { /* ... */ }
public void pub2() { /* ... */ }
public void pub3() { /* ... */ }
private void priv1() { /* ... */ }
private void priv2() { /* ... */ }
private void priv3() { /* ... */ }
private int i;
// ...
public void pub1() { /* ... */ }
public void pub2() { /* ... */ }
public void pub3() { /* ... */ }
private void priv1() { /* ... */ }
private void priv2() { /* ... */ }
private void priv3() { /* ... */ }
private int i;
// ...
} ///:~

4
src/access/Pie.java
View File

@@ -2,5 +2,7 @@ package access;//: access/Pie.java
// The other class.
class Pie {
void f() { System.out.println("Pie.f()"); }
void f() {
System.out.println("Pie.f()");
}
} ///:~

13
src/access/PrintTest.java
View File

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
package access;//: access/PrintTest.java
// Uses the static printing methods in Print.java.
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class PrintTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
print("Available from now on!");
print(100);
print(100L);
print(3.14159);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
print("Available from now on!");
print(100);
print(100L);
print(3.14159);
}
} /* Output:
Available from now on!
100

8
src/access/QualifiedMyClass.java
View File

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
package access;//: access/QualifiedMyClass.java
public class QualifiedMyClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
access.mypackage.MyClass m =
new access.mypackage.MyClass();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
access.mypackage.MyClass m =
new access.mypackage.MyClass();
}
} ///:~

7
src/access/SingleImport.java
View File

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
package access;//: access/SingleImport.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class SingleImport {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList list = new java.util.ArrayList();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList list = new java.util.ArrayList();
}
} ///:~

322
src/access/build.xml
View File

@@ -1,188 +1,188 @@
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project
basedir="."
default="run"
name="Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel (chapter: access)">
basedir="."
default="run"
name="Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel (chapter: access)">
<description>
build.xml for the source code for the access chapter of
Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel
Source code available at http://www.MindView.net
See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt
<description>
build.xml for the source code for the access chapter of
Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel
Source code available at http://www.MindView.net
See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt
Ant available from: http://jakarta.apache.org/ant
Ant available from: http://jakarta.apache.org/ant
To see options, type: ant -p
To see options, type: ant -p
This file was automatically generated by AntBuilder
</description>
This file was automatically generated by AntBuilder
</description>
<condition property="version1.5">
<equals arg1="1.5" arg2="${ant.java.version}"/>
</condition>
<condition property="version1.5">
<equals arg1="1.5" arg2="${ant.java.version}"/>
</condition>
<target name="net_mindview_util">
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
srcdir="${basedir}/../net/mindview/util/">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="net_mindview_util">
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
srcdir="${basedir}/../net/mindview/util/">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="net_mindview_simple">
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
srcdir="${basedir}/../net/mindview/simple/">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="net_mindview_simple">
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
srcdir="${basedir}/../net/mindview/simple/">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target
depends="net_mindview_util,net_mindview_simple"
description="Build all classes in this directory"
name="build">
<fail message="J2SE5 required" unless="version1.5"/>
<echo message="Building 'access'"/>
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
debug="true"
srcdir="${basedir}">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
<echo message="Build 'access' succeeded"/>
</target>
<target
depends="net_mindview_util,net_mindview_simple"
description="Build all classes in this directory"
name="build">
<fail message="J2SE5 required" unless="version1.5"/>
<echo message="Building 'access'"/>
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
debug="true"
srcdir="${basedir}">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
<echo message="Build 'access' succeeded"/>
</target>
<target name="Cake">
<java
classname="Cake"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="Cake">
<java
classname="Cake"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ChocolateChip">
<java
classname="ChocolateChip"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ChocolateChip">
<java
classname="ChocolateChip"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ChocolateChip2">
<java
classname="ChocolateChip2"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ChocolateChip2">
<java
classname="ChocolateChip2"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="Dinner">
<java
classname="Dinner"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="Dinner">
<java
classname="Dinner"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="FullQualification">
<java
classname="FullQualification"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="FullQualification">
<java
classname="FullQualification"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="IceCream">
<java
classname="IceCream"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="IceCream">
<java
classname="IceCream"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ImportedMyClass">
<java
classname="ImportedMyClass"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ImportedMyClass">
<java
classname="ImportedMyClass"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="LibTest">
<java
classname="LibTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="LibTest">
<java
classname="LibTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="PrintTest">
<java
classname="PrintTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="PrintTest">
<java
classname="PrintTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="QualifiedMyClass">
<java
classname="QualifiedMyClass"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="QualifiedMyClass">
<java
classname="QualifiedMyClass"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="SingleImport">
<java
classname="SingleImport"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="SingleImport">
<java
classname="SingleImport"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../access/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target
depends="build"
description="Compile and run"
name="run">
<touch file="failures"/>
<antcall target="Cake"/>
<antcall target="ChocolateChip"/>
<antcall target="ChocolateChip2"/>
<antcall target="Dinner"/>
<antcall target="FullQualification"/>
<antcall target="IceCream"/>
<antcall target="ImportedMyClass"/>
<antcall target="LibTest"/>
<antcall target="PrintTest"/>
<antcall target="QualifiedMyClass"/>
<antcall target="SingleImport"/>
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
<target
depends="build"
description="Compile and run"
name="run">
<touch file="failures"/>
<antcall target="Cake"/>
<antcall target="ChocolateChip"/>
<antcall target="ChocolateChip2"/>
<antcall target="Dinner"/>
<antcall target="FullQualification"/>
<antcall target="IceCream"/>
<antcall target="ImportedMyClass"/>
<antcall target="LibTest"/>
<antcall target="PrintTest"/>
<antcall target="QualifiedMyClass"/>
<antcall target="SingleImport"/>
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
<target description="delete all byproducts" name="clean">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*.class"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*Output.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/log.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="failures"/>
</delete>
<echo message="clean successful"/>
</target>
<target description="delete all byproducts" name="clean">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*.class"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*Output.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/log.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="failures"/>
</delete>
<echo message="clean successful"/>
</target>
</project>

13
src/access/cookie2/Cookie.java
View File

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
package access.cookie2;
public class Cookie {
public Cookie() {
System.out.println("Cookie constructor");
}
protected void bite() {
System.out.println("bite");
}
public Cookie() {
System.out.println("Cookie constructor");
}
protected void bite() {
System.out.println("bite");
}
} ///:~

11
src/access/dessert/Cookie.java
View File

@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@
package access.dessert;
public class Cookie {
public Cookie() {
System.out.println("Cookie constructor");
}
void bite() { System.out.println("bite"); }
public Cookie() {
System.out.println("Cookie constructor");
}
void bite() {
System.out.println("bite");
}
} ///:~

2
src/access/mypackage/MyClass.java
View File

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
package access.mypackage;
public class MyClass {
// ...
// ...
} ///:~

30
src/annotations/AtUnitComposition.java
View File

@@ -1,22 +1,28 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitComposition.java
// Creating non-embedded tests.
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitComposition {
AtUnitExample1 testObject = new AtUnitExample1();
@Test boolean _methodOne() {
return
testObject.methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test boolean _methodTwo() {
return testObject.methodTwo() == 2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitComposition");
}
AtUnitExample1 testObject = new AtUnitExample1();
@Test
boolean _methodOne() {
return
testObject.methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test
boolean _methodTwo() {
return testObject.methodTwo() == 2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitComposition");
}
} /* Output:
annotations.AtUnitComposition
. _methodOne

59
src/annotations/AtUnitExample1.java
View File

@@ -1,28 +1,49 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExample1.java
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitExample1 {
public String methodOne() {
return "This is methodOne";
}
public int methodTwo() {
System.out.println("This is methodTwo");
return 2;
}
@Test boolean methodOneTest() {
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test boolean m2() { return methodTwo() == 2; }
@Test private boolean m3() { return true; }
// Shows output for failure:
@Test boolean failureTest() { return false; }
@Test boolean anotherDisappointment() { return false; }
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample1");
}
public String methodOne() {
return "This is methodOne";
}
public int methodTwo() {
System.out.println("This is methodTwo");
return 2;
}
@Test
boolean methodOneTest() {
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test
boolean m2() {
return methodTwo() == 2;
}
@Test
private boolean m3() {
return true;
}
// Shows output for failure:
@Test
boolean failureTest() {
return false;
}
@Test
boolean anotherDisappointment() {
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample1");
}
} /* Output:
annotations.AtUnitExample1
. methodOneTest

62
src/annotations/AtUnitExample2.java
View File

@@ -1,36 +1,48 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExample2.java
// Assertions and exceptions can be used in @Tests.
package annotations;
import java.io.*;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitExample2 {
public String methodOne() {
return "This is methodOne";
}
public int methodTwo() {
System.out.println("This is methodTwo");
return 2;
}
@Test void assertExample() {
assert methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test void assertFailureExample() {
assert 1 == 2: "What a surprise!";
}
@Test void exceptionExample() throws IOException {
new FileInputStream("nofile.txt"); // Throws
}
@Test boolean assertAndReturn() {
// Assertion with message:
assert methodTwo() == 2: "methodTwo must equal 2";
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample2");
}
public String methodOne() {
return "This is methodOne";
}
public int methodTwo() {
System.out.println("This is methodTwo");
return 2;
}
@Test
void assertExample() {
assert methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test
void assertFailureExample() {
assert 1 == 2 : "What a surprise!";
}
@Test
void exceptionExample() throws IOException {
new FileInputStream("nofile.txt"); // Throws
}
@Test
boolean assertAndReturn() {
// Assertion with message:
assert methodTwo() == 2 : "methodTwo must equal 2";
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample2");
}
} /* Output:
annotations.AtUnitExample2
. assertExample

66
src/annotations/AtUnitExample3.java
View File

@@ -1,31 +1,53 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExample3.java
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitExample3 {
private int n;
public AtUnitExample3(int n) { this.n = n; }
public int getN() { return n; }
public String methodOne() {
return "This is methodOne";
}
public int methodTwo() {
System.out.println("This is methodTwo");
return 2;
}
@TestObjectCreate static AtUnitExample3 create() {
return new AtUnitExample3(47);
}
@Test boolean initialization() { return n == 47; }
@Test boolean methodOneTest() {
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test boolean m2() { return methodTwo() == 2; }
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample3");
}
private int n;
public AtUnitExample3(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public int getN() {
return n;
}
public String methodOne() {
return "This is methodOne";
}
public int methodTwo() {
System.out.println("This is methodTwo");
return 2;
}
@TestObjectCreate
static AtUnitExample3 create() {
return new AtUnitExample3(47);
}
@Test
boolean initialization() {
return n == 47;
}
@Test
boolean methodOneTest() {
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test
boolean m2() {
return methodTwo() == 2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample3");
}
} /* Output:
annotations.AtUnitExample3
. initialization

121
src/annotations/AtUnitExample4.java
View File

@@ -1,65 +1,86 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExample4.java
package annotations;
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class AtUnitExample4 {
static String theory = "All brontosauruses " +
"are thin at one end, much MUCH thicker in the " +
"middle, and then thin again at the far end.";
private String word;
private Random rand = new Random(); // Time-based seed
public AtUnitExample4(String word) { this.word = word; }
public String getWord() { return word; }
public String scrambleWord() {
List<Character> chars = new ArrayList<Character>();
for(Character c : word.toCharArray()) {
chars.add(c);
static String theory = "All brontosauruses " +
"are thin at one end, much MUCH thicker in the " +
"middle, and then thin again at the far end.";
private String word;
private Random rand = new Random(); // Time-based seed
public AtUnitExample4(String word) {
this.word = word;
}
Collections.shuffle(chars, rand);
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for(char ch : chars) {
result.append(ch);
public String getWord() {
return word;
}
return result.toString();
}
@TestProperty static List<String> input =
Arrays.asList(theory.split(" "));
@TestProperty
public String scrambleWord() {
List<Character> chars = new ArrayList<Character>();
for (Character c : word.toCharArray()) {
chars.add(c);
}
Collections.shuffle(chars, rand);
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (char ch : chars) {
result.append(ch);
}
return result.toString();
}
@TestProperty
static List<String> input =
Arrays.asList(theory.split(" "));
@TestProperty
static Iterator<String> words = input.iterator();
@TestObjectCreate static AtUnitExample4 create() {
if(words.hasNext()) {
return new AtUnitExample4(words.next());
} else {
return null;
@TestObjectCreate
static AtUnitExample4 create() {
if (words.hasNext()) {
return new AtUnitExample4(words.next());
} else {
return null;
}
}
@Test
boolean words() {
print("'" + getWord() + "'");
return getWord().equals("are");
}
@Test
boolean scramble1() {
// Change to a specific seed to get verifiable results:
rand = new Random(47);
print("'" + getWord() + "'");
String scrambled = scrambleWord();
print(scrambled);
return scrambled.equals("lAl");
}
@Test
boolean scramble2() {
rand = new Random(74);
print("'" + getWord() + "'");
String scrambled = scrambleWord();
print(scrambled);
return scrambled.equals("tsaeborornussu");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("starting");
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample4");
}
}
@Test boolean words() {
print("'" + getWord() + "'");
return getWord().equals("are");
}
@Test boolean scramble1() {
// Change to a specific seed to get verifiable results:
rand = new Random(47);
print("'" + getWord() + "'");
String scrambled = scrambleWord();
print(scrambled);
return scrambled.equals("lAl");
}
@Test boolean scramble2() {
rand = new Random(74);
print("'" + getWord() + "'");
String scrambled = scrambleWord();
print(scrambled);
return scrambled.equals("tsaeborornussu");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("starting");
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample4");
}
} /* Output:
starting
annotations.AtUnitExample4

91
src/annotations/AtUnitExample5.java
View File

@@ -1,45 +1,68 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExample5.java
package annotations;
import java.io.*;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitExample5 {
private String text;
public AtUnitExample5(String text) { this.text = text; }
public String toString() { return text; }
@TestProperty static PrintWriter output;
@TestProperty static int counter;
@TestObjectCreate static AtUnitExample5 create() {
String id = Integer.toString(counter++);
try {
output = new PrintWriter("Test" + id + ".txt");
} catch(IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
private String text;
public AtUnitExample5(String text) {
this.text = text;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return text;
}
@TestProperty
static PrintWriter output;
@TestProperty
static int counter;
@TestObjectCreate
static AtUnitExample5 create() {
String id = Integer.toString(counter++);
try {
output = new PrintWriter("Test" + id + ".txt");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return new AtUnitExample5(id);
}
@TestObjectCleanup
static void
cleanup(AtUnitExample5 tobj) {
System.out.println("Running cleanup");
output.close();
}
@Test
boolean test1() {
output.print("test1");
return true;
}
@Test
boolean test2() {
output.print("test2");
return true;
}
@Test
boolean test3() {
output.print("test3");
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample5");
}
return new AtUnitExample5(id);
}
@TestObjectCleanup static void
cleanup(AtUnitExample5 tobj) {
System.out.println("Running cleanup");
output.close();
}
@Test boolean test1() {
output.print("test1");
return true;
}
@Test boolean test2() {
output.print("test2");
return true;
}
@Test boolean test3() {
output.print("test3");
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample5");
}
} /* Output:
annotations.AtUnitExample5
. test1

23
src/annotations/AtUnitExternalTest.java
View File

@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExternalTest.java
// Creating non-embedded tests.
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitExternalTest extends AtUnitExample1 {
@Test boolean _methodOne() {
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test boolean _methodTwo() { return methodTwo() == 2; }
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExternalTest");
}
@Test
boolean _methodOne() {
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test
boolean _methodTwo() {
return methodTwo() == 2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExternalTest");
}
} /* Output:
annotations.AtUnitExternalTest
. _methodOne

3
src/annotations/ExtractInterface.java
View File

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
//: annotations/ExtractInterface.java
// APT-based annotation processing.
package annotations;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface ExtractInterface {
public String value();
public String value();
} ///:~

43
src/annotations/HashSetTest.java
View File

@@ -1,27 +1,36 @@
//: annotations/HashSetTest.java
package annotations;
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class HashSetTest {
HashSet<String> testObject = new HashSet<String>();
@Test void initialization() {
assert testObject.isEmpty();
}
@Test void _contains() {
testObject.add("one");
assert testObject.contains("one");
}
@Test void _remove() {
testObject.add("one");
testObject.remove("one");
assert testObject.isEmpty();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit HashSetTest");
}
HashSet<String> testObject = new HashSet<String>();
@Test
void initialization() {
assert testObject.isEmpty();
}
@Test
void _contains() {
testObject.add("one");
assert testObject.contains("one");
}
@Test
void _remove() {
testObject.add("one");
testObject.remove("one");
assert testObject.isEmpty();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit HashSetTest");
}
} /* Output:
annotations.HashSetTest
. initialization

106
src/annotations/InterfaceExtractorProcessor.java
View File

@@ -4,61 +4,67 @@
// annotations.InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory
// Multiplier.java -s ../annotations}
package annotations;
import com.sun.mirror.apt.*;
import com.sun.mirror.declaration.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class InterfaceExtractorProcessor
implements AnnotationProcessor {
private final AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env;
private ArrayList<MethodDeclaration> interfaceMethods =
new ArrayList<MethodDeclaration>();
public InterfaceExtractorProcessor(
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) { this.env = env; }
public void process() {
for(TypeDeclaration typeDecl :
env.getSpecifiedTypeDeclarations()) {
ExtractInterface annot =
typeDecl.getAnnotation(ExtractInterface.class);
if(annot == null) {
break;
}
for(MethodDeclaration m : typeDecl.getMethods()) {
if(m.getModifiers().contains(Modifier.PUBLIC) &&
!(m.getModifiers().contains(Modifier.STATIC))) {
interfaceMethods.add(m);
}
}
if(interfaceMethods.size() > 0) {
try {
PrintWriter writer =
env.getFiler().createSourceFile(annot.value());
writer.println("package " +
typeDecl.getPackage().getQualifiedName() +";");
writer.println("public interface " +
annot.value() + " {");
for(MethodDeclaration m : interfaceMethods) {
writer.print(" public ");
writer.print(m.getReturnType() + " ");
writer.print(m.getSimpleName() + " (");
int i = 0;
for(ParameterDeclaration parm :
m.getParameters()) {
writer.print(parm.getType() + " " +
parm.getSimpleName());
if(++i < m.getParameters().size()) {
writer.print(", ");
}
}
writer.println(");");
}
writer.println("}");
writer.close();
} catch(IOException ioe) {
throw new RuntimeException(ioe);
}
}
implements AnnotationProcessor {
private final AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env;
private ArrayList<MethodDeclaration> interfaceMethods =
new ArrayList<MethodDeclaration>();
public InterfaceExtractorProcessor(
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
this.env = env;
}
public void process() {
for (TypeDeclaration typeDecl :
env.getSpecifiedTypeDeclarations()) {
ExtractInterface annot =
typeDecl.getAnnotation(ExtractInterface.class);
if (annot == null) {
break;
}
for (MethodDeclaration m : typeDecl.getMethods()) {
if (m.getModifiers().contains(Modifier.PUBLIC) &&
!(m.getModifiers().contains(Modifier.STATIC))) {
interfaceMethods.add(m);
}
}
if (interfaceMethods.size() > 0) {
try {
PrintWriter writer =
env.getFiler().createSourceFile(annot.value());
writer.println("package " +
typeDecl.getPackage().getQualifiedName() + ";");
writer.println("public interface " +
annot.value() + " {");
for (MethodDeclaration m : interfaceMethods) {
writer.print(" public ");
writer.print(m.getReturnType() + " ");
writer.print(m.getSimpleName() + " (");
int i = 0;
for (ParameterDeclaration parm :
m.getParameters()) {
writer.print(parm.getType() + " " +
parm.getSimpleName());
if (++i < m.getParameters().size()) {
writer.print(", ");
}
}
writer.println(");");
}
writer.println("}");
writer.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new RuntimeException(ioe);
}
}
}
}
}
} ///:~

30
src/annotations/InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory.java
View File

@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
//: annotations/InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory.java
// APT-based annotation processing.
package annotations;
import com.sun.mirror.apt.*;
import com.sun.mirror.declaration.*;
import java.util.*;
public class InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory
implements AnnotationProcessorFactory {
public AnnotationProcessor getProcessorFor(
Set<AnnotationTypeDeclaration> atds,
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
return new InterfaceExtractorProcessor(env);
}
public Collection<String> supportedAnnotationTypes() {
return
Collections.singleton("annotations.ExtractInterface");
}
public Collection<String> supportedOptions() {
return Collections.emptySet();
}
implements AnnotationProcessorFactory {
public AnnotationProcessor getProcessorFor(
Set<AnnotationTypeDeclaration> atds,
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
return new InterfaceExtractorProcessor(env);
}
public Collection<String> supportedAnnotationTypes() {
return
Collections.singleton("annotations.ExtractInterface");
}
public Collection<String> supportedOptions() {
return Collections.emptySet();
}
} ///:~

26
src/annotations/Multiplier.java
View File

@@ -4,18 +4,22 @@ package annotations;
@ExtractInterface("IMultiplier")
public class Multiplier {
public int multiply(int x, int y) {
int total = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < x; i++) {
total = add(total, y);
public int multiply(int x, int y) {
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < x; i++) {
total = add(total, y);
}
return total;
}
private int add(int x, int y) {
return x + y;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Multiplier m = new Multiplier();
System.out.println("11*16 = " + m.multiply(11, 16));
}
return total;
}
private int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; }
public static void main(String[] args) {
Multiplier m = new Multiplier();
System.out.println("11*16 = " + m.multiply(11, 16));
}
} /* Output:
11*16 = 176
*///:~

33
src/annotations/PasswordUtils.java
View File

@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
package annotations;//: annotations/PasswordUtils.java
import java.util.*;
public class PasswordUtils {
@UseCase(id = 47, description =
"Passwords must contain at least one numeric")
public boolean validatePassword(String password) {
return (password.matches("\\w*\\d\\w*"));
}
@UseCase(id = 48)
public String encryptPassword(String password) {
return new StringBuilder(password).reverse().toString();
}
@UseCase(id = 49, description =
"New passwords can't equal previously used ones")
public boolean checkForNewPassword(
List<String> prevPasswords, String password) {
return !prevPasswords.contains(password);
}
@UseCase(id = 47, description =
"Passwords must contain at least one numeric")
public boolean validatePassword(String password) {
return (password.matches("\\w*\\d\\w*"));
}
@UseCase(id = 48)
public String encryptPassword(String password) {
return new StringBuilder(password).reverse().toString();
}
@UseCase(id = 49, description =
"New passwords can't equal previously used ones")
public boolean checkForNewPassword(
List<String> prevPasswords, String password) {
return !prevPasswords.contains(password);
}
} ///:~

6
src/annotations/SimulatingNull.java
View File

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
package annotations;//: annotations/SimulatingNull.java
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SimulatingNull {
public int id() default -1;
public String description() default "";
public int id() default -1;
public String description() default "";
} ///:~

18
src/annotations/StackL.java
View File

@@ -1,11 +1,21 @@
//: annotations/StackL.java
// A stack built on a linkedList.
package annotations;
import java.util.*;
public class StackL<T> {
private LinkedList<T> list = new LinkedList<T>();
public void push(T v) { list.addFirst(v); }
public T top() { return list.getFirst(); }
public T pop() { return list.removeFirst(); }
private LinkedList<T> list = new LinkedList<T>();
public void push(T v) {
list.addFirst(v);
}
public T top() {
return list.getFirst();
}
public T pop() {
return list.removeFirst();
}
} ///:~

51
src/annotations/StackLStringTest.java
View File

@@ -1,32 +1,39 @@
//: annotations/StackLStringTest.java
// Applying @Unit to generics.
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class StackLStringTest extends StackL<String> {
@Test void _push() {
push("one");
assert top().equals("one");
push("two");
assert top().equals("two");
}
@Test void _pop() {
push("one");
push("two");
assert pop().equals("two");
assert pop().equals("one");
}
@Test void _top() {
push("A");
push("B");
assert top().equals("B");
assert top().equals("B");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit StackLStringTest");
}
@Test
void _push() {
push("one");
assert top().equals("one");
push("two");
assert top().equals("two");
}
@Test
void _pop() {
push("one");
push("two");
assert pop().equals("two");
assert pop().equals("one");
}
@Test
void _top() {
push("A");
push("B");
assert top().equals("B");
assert top().equals("B");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit StackLStringTest");
}
} /* Output:
annotations.StackLStringTest
. _push

13
src/annotations/Testable.java
View File

@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
//: annotations/Testable.java
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
public class Testable {
public void execute() {
System.out.println("Executing..");
}
@Test void testExecute() { execute(); }
public void execute() {
System.out.println("Executing..");
}
@Test
void testExecute() {
execute();
}
} ///:~

6
src/annotations/UseCase.java
View File

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
package annotations;//: annotations/UseCase.java
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface UseCase {
public int id();
public String description() default "no description";
public int id();
public String description() default "no description";
} ///:~

36
src/annotations/UseCaseTracker.java
View File

@@ -1,27 +1,29 @@
package annotations;//: annotations/UseCaseTracker.java
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
public class UseCaseTracker {
public static void
trackUseCases(List<Integer> useCases, Class<?> cl) {
for(Method m : cl.getDeclaredMethods()) {
UseCase uc = m.getAnnotation(UseCase.class);
if(uc != null) {
System.out.println("Found Use Case:" + uc.id() +
" " + uc.description());
useCases.remove(new Integer(uc.id()));
}
public static void
trackUseCases(List<Integer> useCases, Class<?> cl) {
for (Method m : cl.getDeclaredMethods()) {
UseCase uc = m.getAnnotation(UseCase.class);
if (uc != null) {
System.out.println("Found Use Case:" + uc.id() +
" " + uc.description());
useCases.remove(new Integer(uc.id()));
}
}
for (int i : useCases) {
System.out.println("Warning: Missing use case-" + i);
}
}
for(int i : useCases) {
System.out.println("Warning: Missing use case-" + i);
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> useCases = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Collections.addAll(useCases, 47, 48, 49, 50);
trackUseCases(useCases, PasswordUtils.class);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> useCases = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Collections.addAll(useCases, 47, 48, 49, 50);
trackUseCases(useCases, PasswordUtils.class);
}
} /* Output:
Found Use Case:47 Passwords must contain at least one numeric
Found Use Case:48 no description

388
src/annotations/build.xml
View File

@@ -1,224 +1,224 @@
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project
basedir="."
default="run"
name="Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel (chapter: annotations)">
basedir="."
default="run"
name="Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel (chapter: annotations)">
<description>
build.xml for the source code for the annotations chapter of
Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel
Source code available at http://www.MindView.net
See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt
<description>
build.xml for the source code for the annotations chapter of
Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel
Source code available at http://www.MindView.net
See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt
Ant available from: http://jakarta.apache.org/ant
Ant available from: http://jakarta.apache.org/ant
To see options, type: ant -p
To see options, type: ant -p
This file was automatically generated by AntBuilder
</description>
This file was automatically generated by AntBuilder
</description>
<condition property="version1.5">
<equals arg1="1.5" arg2="${ant.java.version}"/>
</condition>
<condition property="version1.5">
<equals arg1="1.5" arg2="${ant.java.version}"/>
</condition>
<target name="net_mindview_util">
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
srcdir="${basedir}/../net/mindview/util/">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="net_mindview_util">
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
srcdir="${basedir}/../net/mindview/util/">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="net_mindview_atunit">
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
srcdir="${basedir}/../net/mindview/atunit/">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="net_mindview_atunit">
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
srcdir="${basedir}/../net/mindview/atunit/">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target
depends="net_mindview_util,net_mindview_atunit"
description="Build all classes in this directory"
name="build">
<fail message="J2SE5 required" unless="version1.5"/>
<echo message="Building 'annotations'"/>
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
debug="true"
srcdir="${basedir}">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
<echo message="Build 'annotations' succeeded"/>
</target>
<target
depends="net_mindview_util,net_mindview_atunit"
description="Build all classes in this directory"
name="build">
<fail message="J2SE5 required" unless="version1.5"/>
<echo message="Building 'annotations'"/>
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
debug="true"
srcdir="${basedir}">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
<echo message="Build 'annotations' succeeded"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitComposition">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitComposition"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitComposition">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitComposition"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExample1">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExample1"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExample1">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExample1"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExample2">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExample2"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExample2">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExample2"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExample3">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExample3"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExample3">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExample3"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExample4">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExample4"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExample4">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExample4"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExample5">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExample5"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExample5">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExample5"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExternalTest">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExternalTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AtUnitExternalTest">
<java
classname="annotations.AtUnitExternalTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="HashSetTest">
<java
classname="annotations.HashSetTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="HashSetTest">
<java
classname="annotations.HashSetTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="Multiplier">
<java
classname="annotations.Multiplier"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="Multiplier">
<java
classname="annotations.Multiplier"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="StackLStringTest">
<java
classname="annotations.StackLStringTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="StackLStringTest">
<java
classname="annotations.StackLStringTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="UseCaseTracker">
<java
classname="UseCaseTracker"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="UseCaseTracker">
<java
classname="UseCaseTracker"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="TableCreator">
<java
classname="annotations.database.TableCreator"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/database/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true">
<arg line="annotations.database.Member"/>
</java>
</target>
<target name="TableCreator">
<java
classname="annotations.database.TableCreator"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../annotations/database/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true">
<arg line="annotations.database.Member"/>
</java>
</target>
<target name="InterfaceExtractorProcessor">
<exec executable="apt">
<arg value="-factory"/>
<arg
value="annotations.InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory"/>
<arg value="Multiplier.java"/>
<arg value="-s"/>
<arg value="../annotations"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="InterfaceExtractorProcessor">
<exec executable="apt">
<arg value="-factory"/>
<arg
value="annotations.InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory"/>
<arg value="Multiplier.java"/>
<arg value="-s"/>
<arg value="../annotations"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="TableCreationProcessorFactory">
<exec executable="apt">
<arg value="-factory"/>
<arg
value="annotations.database.TableCreationProcessorFactory"/>
<arg value="database/Member.java"/>
<arg value="-s"/>
<arg value="database"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="TableCreationProcessorFactory">
<exec executable="apt">
<arg value="-factory"/>
<arg
value="annotations.database.TableCreationProcessorFactory"/>
<arg value="database/Member.java"/>
<arg value="-s"/>
<arg value="database"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target
depends="build"
description="Compile and run"
name="run">
<touch file="failures"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitComposition"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExample1"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExample2"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExample3"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExample4"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExample5"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExternalTest"/>
<antcall target="HashSetTest"/>
<antcall target="Multiplier"/>
<antcall target="StackLStringTest"/>
<antcall target="UseCaseTracker"/>
<antcall target="TableCreator"/>
<antcall target="InterfaceExtractorProcessor"/>
<antcall target="TableCreationProcessorFactory"/>
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
<target
depends="build"
description="Compile and run"
name="run">
<touch file="failures"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitComposition"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExample1"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExample2"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExample3"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExample4"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExample5"/>
<antcall target="AtUnitExternalTest"/>
<antcall target="HashSetTest"/>
<antcall target="Multiplier"/>
<antcall target="StackLStringTest"/>
<antcall target="UseCaseTracker"/>
<antcall target="TableCreator"/>
<antcall target="InterfaceExtractorProcessor"/>
<antcall target="TableCreationProcessorFactory"/>
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
<target description="delete all byproducts" name="clean">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*.class"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*Output.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/log.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="failures"/>
</delete>
<echo message="clean successful"/>
</target>
<target description="delete all byproducts" name="clean">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*.class"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*Output.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/log.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="failures"/>
</delete>
<echo message="clean successful"/>
</target>
</project>

9
src/annotations/database/Constraints.java
View File

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
//: annotations/database/Constraints.java
package annotations.database;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Constraints {
boolean primaryKey() default false;
boolean allowNull() default true;
boolean unique() default false;
boolean primaryKey() default false;
boolean allowNull() default true;
boolean unique() default false;
} ///:~

3
src/annotations/database/DBTable.java
View File

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
//: annotations/database/DBTable.java
package annotations.database;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) // Applies to classes only
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DBTable {
public String name() default "";
public String name() default "";
} ///:~

43
src/annotations/database/Member.java
View File

@@ -3,16 +3,35 @@ package annotations.database;
@DBTable(name = "MEMBER")
public class Member {
@SQLString(30) String firstName;
@SQLString(50) String lastName;
@SQLInteger Integer age;
@SQLString(value = 30,
constraints = @Constraints(primaryKey = true))
String handle;
static int memberCount;
public String getHandle() { return handle; }
public String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
public String getLastName() { return lastName; }
public String toString() { return handle; }
public Integer getAge() { return age; }
@SQLString(30)
String firstName;
@SQLString(50)
String lastName;
@SQLInteger
Integer age;
@SQLString(value = 30,
constraints = @Constraints(primaryKey = true))
String handle;
static int memberCount;
public String getHandle() {
return handle;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return handle;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
} ///:~

6
src/annotations/database/SQLInteger.java
View File

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
//: annotations/database/SQLInteger.java
package annotations.database;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SQLInteger {
String name() default "";
Constraints constraints() default @Constraints;
String name() default "";
Constraints constraints() default @Constraints;
} ///:~

9
src/annotations/database/SQLString.java
View File

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
//: annotations/database/SQLString.java
package annotations.database;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SQLString {
int value() default 0;
String name() default "";
Constraints constraints() default @Constraints;
int value() default 0;
String name() default "";
Constraints constraints() default @Constraints;
} ///:~

187
src/annotations/database/TableCreationProcessorFactory.java
View File

@@ -4,102 +4,113 @@
// annotations.database.TableCreationProcessorFactory
// database/Member.java -s database}
package annotations.database;
import com.sun.mirror.apt.*;
import com.sun.mirror.declaration.*;
import com.sun.mirror.util.*;
import java.util.*;
import static com.sun.mirror.util.DeclarationVisitors.*;
public class TableCreationProcessorFactory
implements AnnotationProcessorFactory {
public AnnotationProcessor getProcessorFor(
Set<AnnotationTypeDeclaration> atds,
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
return new TableCreationProcessor(env);
}
public Collection<String> supportedAnnotationTypes() {
return Arrays.asList(
"annotations.database.DBTable",
"annotations.database.Constraints",
"annotations.database.SQLString",
"annotations.database.SQLInteger");
}
public Collection<String> supportedOptions() {
return Collections.emptySet();
}
private static class TableCreationProcessor
implements AnnotationProcessor {
private final AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env;
private String sql = "";
public TableCreationProcessor(
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
this.env = env;
implements AnnotationProcessorFactory {
public AnnotationProcessor getProcessorFor(
Set<AnnotationTypeDeclaration> atds,
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
return new TableCreationProcessor(env);
}
public void process() {
for(TypeDeclaration typeDecl :
env.getSpecifiedTypeDeclarations()) {
typeDecl.accept(getDeclarationScanner(
new TableCreationVisitor(), NO_OP));
sql = sql.substring(0, sql.length() - 1) + ");";
System.out.println("creation SQL is :\n" + sql);
sql = "";
}
public Collection<String> supportedAnnotationTypes() {
return Arrays.asList(
"annotations.database.DBTable",
"annotations.database.Constraints",
"annotations.database.SQLString",
"annotations.database.SQLInteger");
}
private class TableCreationVisitor
extends SimpleDeclarationVisitor {
public void visitClassDeclaration(
ClassDeclaration d) {
DBTable dbTable = d.getAnnotation(DBTable.class);
if(dbTable != null) {
sql += "CREATE TABLE ";
sql += (dbTable.name().length() < 1)
? d.getSimpleName().toUpperCase()
: dbTable.name();
sql += " (";
}
}
public void visitFieldDeclaration(
FieldDeclaration d) {
String columnName = "";
if(d.getAnnotation(SQLInteger.class) != null) {
SQLInteger sInt = d.getAnnotation(
SQLInteger.class);
// Use field name if name not specified
if(sInt.name().length() < 1) {
columnName = d.getSimpleName().toUpperCase();
} else {
columnName = sInt.name();
}
sql += "\n " + columnName + " INT" +
getConstraints(sInt.constraints()) + ",";
}
if(d.getAnnotation(SQLString.class) != null) {
SQLString sString = d.getAnnotation(
SQLString.class);
// Use field name if name not specified.
if(sString.name().length() < 1) {
columnName = d.getSimpleName().toUpperCase();
} else {
columnName = sString.name();
}
sql += "\n " + columnName + " VARCHAR(" +
sString.value() + ")" +
getConstraints(sString.constraints()) + ",";
}
}
private String getConstraints(Constraints con) {
String constraints = "";
if(!con.allowNull()) {
constraints += " NOT NULL";
}
if(con.primaryKey()) {
constraints += " PRIMARY KEY";
}
if(con.unique()) {
constraints += " UNIQUE";
}
return constraints;
}
public Collection<String> supportedOptions() {
return Collections.emptySet();
}
private static class TableCreationProcessor
implements AnnotationProcessor {
private final AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env;
private String sql = "";
public TableCreationProcessor(
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
this.env = env;
}
public void process() {
for (TypeDeclaration typeDecl :
env.getSpecifiedTypeDeclarations()) {
typeDecl.accept(getDeclarationScanner(
new TableCreationVisitor(), NO_OP));
sql = sql.substring(0, sql.length() - 1) + ");";
System.out.println("creation SQL is :\n" + sql);
sql = "";
}
}
private class TableCreationVisitor
extends SimpleDeclarationVisitor {
public void visitClassDeclaration(
ClassDeclaration d) {
DBTable dbTable = d.getAnnotation(DBTable.class);
if (dbTable != null) {
sql += "CREATE TABLE ";
sql += (dbTable.name().length() < 1)
? d.getSimpleName().toUpperCase()
: dbTable.name();
sql += " (";
}
}
public void visitFieldDeclaration(
FieldDeclaration d) {
String columnName = "";
if (d.getAnnotation(SQLInteger.class) != null) {
SQLInteger sInt = d.getAnnotation(
SQLInteger.class);
// Use field name if name not specified
if (sInt.name().length() < 1) {
columnName = d.getSimpleName().toUpperCase();
} else {
columnName = sInt.name();
}
sql += "\n " + columnName + " INT" +
getConstraints(sInt.constraints()) + ",";
}
if (d.getAnnotation(SQLString.class) != null) {
SQLString sString = d.getAnnotation(
SQLString.class);
// Use field name if name not specified.
if (sString.name().length() < 1) {
columnName = d.getSimpleName().toUpperCase();
} else {
columnName = sString.name();
}
sql += "\n " + columnName + " VARCHAR(" +
sString.value() + ")" +
getConstraints(sString.constraints()) + ",";
}
}
private String getConstraints(Constraints con) {
String constraints = "";
if (!con.allowNull()) {
constraints += " NOT NULL";
}
if (con.primaryKey()) {
constraints += " PRIMARY KEY";
}
if (con.unique()) {
constraints += " UNIQUE";
}
return constraints;
}
}
}
}
} ///:~

140
src/annotations/database/TableCreator.java
View File

@@ -2,85 +2,87 @@
// Reflection-based annotation processor.
// {Args: annotations.database.Member}
package annotations.database;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
public class TableCreator {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
if(args.length < 1) {
System.out.println("arguments: annotated classes");
System.exit(0);
}
for(String className : args) {
Class<?> cl = Class.forName(className);
DBTable dbTable = cl.getAnnotation(DBTable.class);
if(dbTable == null) {
System.out.println(
"No DBTable annotations in class " + className);
continue;
}
String tableName = dbTable.name();
// If the name is empty, use the Class name:
if(tableName.length() < 1) {
tableName = cl.getName().toUpperCase();
}
List<String> columnDefs = new ArrayList<String>();
for(Field field : cl.getDeclaredFields()) {
String columnName = null;
Annotation[] anns = field.getDeclaredAnnotations();
if(anns.length < 1) {
continue; // Not a db table column
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
if (args.length < 1) {
System.out.println("arguments: annotated classes");
System.exit(0);
}
if(anns[0] instanceof SQLInteger) {
SQLInteger sInt = (SQLInteger) anns[0];
// Use field name if name not specified
if(sInt.name().length() < 1) {
columnName = field.getName().toUpperCase();
} else {
columnName = sInt.name();
}
columnDefs.add(columnName + " INT" +
getConstraints(sInt.constraints()));
for (String className : args) {
Class<?> cl = Class.forName(className);
DBTable dbTable = cl.getAnnotation(DBTable.class);
if (dbTable == null) {
System.out.println(
"No DBTable annotations in class " + className);
continue;
}
String tableName = dbTable.name();
// If the name is empty, use the Class name:
if (tableName.length() < 1) {
tableName = cl.getName().toUpperCase();
}
List<String> columnDefs = new ArrayList<String>();
for (Field field : cl.getDeclaredFields()) {
String columnName = null;
Annotation[] anns = field.getDeclaredAnnotations();
if (anns.length < 1) {
continue; // Not a db table column
}
if (anns[0] instanceof SQLInteger) {
SQLInteger sInt = (SQLInteger) anns[0];
// Use field name if name not specified
if (sInt.name().length() < 1) {
columnName = field.getName().toUpperCase();
} else {
columnName = sInt.name();
}
columnDefs.add(columnName + " INT" +
getConstraints(sInt.constraints()));
}
if (anns[0] instanceof SQLString) {
SQLString sString = (SQLString) anns[0];
// Use field name if name not specified.
if (sString.name().length() < 1) {
columnName = field.getName().toUpperCase();
} else {
columnName = sString.name();
}
columnDefs.add(columnName + " VARCHAR(" +
sString.value() + ")" +
getConstraints(sString.constraints()));
}
StringBuilder createCommand = new StringBuilder(
"CREATE TABLE " + tableName + "(");
for (String columnDef : columnDefs) {
createCommand.append("\n " + columnDef + ",");
}
// Remove trailing comma
String tableCreate = createCommand.substring(
0, createCommand.length() - 1) + ");";
System.out.println("Table Creation SQL for " +
className + " is :\n" + tableCreate);
}
}
if(anns[0] instanceof SQLString) {
SQLString sString = (SQLString) anns[0];
// Use field name if name not specified.
if(sString.name().length() < 1) {
columnName = field.getName().toUpperCase();
} else {
columnName = sString.name();
}
columnDefs.add(columnName + " VARCHAR(" +
sString.value() + ")" +
getConstraints(sString.constraints()));
}
private static String getConstraints(Constraints con) {
String constraints = "";
if (!con.allowNull()) {
constraints += " NOT NULL";
}
StringBuilder createCommand = new StringBuilder(
"CREATE TABLE " + tableName + "(");
for(String columnDef : columnDefs) {
createCommand.append("\n " + columnDef + ",");
if (con.primaryKey()) {
constraints += " PRIMARY KEY";
}
// Remove trailing comma
String tableCreate = createCommand.substring(
0, createCommand.length() - 1) + ");";
System.out.println("Table Creation SQL for " +
className + " is :\n" + tableCreate);
}
if (con.unique()) {
constraints += " UNIQUE";
}
return constraints;
}
}
private static String getConstraints(Constraints con) {
String constraints = "";
if(!con.allowNull()) {
constraints += " NOT NULL";
}
if(con.primaryKey()) {
constraints += " PRIMARY KEY";
}
if(con.unique()) {
constraints += " UNIQUE";
}
return constraints;
}
} /* Output:
Table Creation SQL for annotations.database.Member is :
CREATE TABLE MEMBER(

4
src/annotations/database/Uniqueness.java
View File

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
package annotations.database;
public @interface Uniqueness {
Constraints constraints()
default @Constraints(unique=true);
Constraints constraints()
default @Constraints(unique = true);
} ///:~

20
src/arrays/AlphabeticSearch.java
View File

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/AlphabeticSearch.java
// Searching with a Comparator.
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AlphabeticSearch {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] sa = Generated.array(new String[30],
new RandomGenerator.String(5));
Arrays.sort(sa, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(sa));
int index = Arrays.binarySearch(sa, sa[10],
String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
System.out.println("Index: "+ index + "\n"+ sa[index]);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] sa = Generated.array(new String[30],
new RandomGenerator.String(5));
Arrays.sort(sa, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(sa));
int index = Arrays.binarySearch(sa, sa[10],
String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
System.out.println("Index: " + index + "\n" + sa[index]);
}
} /* Output:
[bkIna, cQrGs, cXZJo, dLsmw, eGZMm, EqUCB, gwsqP, hKcxr, HLGEa, HqXum, HxxHv, JMRoE, JmzMs, Mesbt, MNvqe, nyGcF, ogoYW, OneOE, OWZnT, RFJQA, rUkZP, sgqia, slJrL, suEcU, uTpnX, vpfFv, WHkjU, xxEAJ, YNzbr, zDyCy]
Index: 10

17
src/arrays/ArrayOfGenericType.java
View File

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ package arrays;//: arrays/ArrayOfGenericType.java
// Arrays of generic types won't compile.
public class ArrayOfGenericType<T> {
T[] array; // OK
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public ArrayOfGenericType(int size) {
//! array = new T[size]; // Illegal
array = (T[])new Object[size]; // "unchecked" Warning
}
// Illegal:
//! public <U> U[] makeArray() { return new U[10]; }
T[] array; // OK
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public ArrayOfGenericType(int size) {
//! array = new T[size]; // Illegal
array = (T[]) new Object[size]; // "unchecked" Warning
}
// Illegal:
//! public <U> U[] makeArray() { return new U[10]; }
} ///:~

41
src/arrays/ArrayOfGenerics.java
View File

@@ -1,29 +1,30 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ArrayOfGenerics.java
// It is possible to create arrays of generics.
import java.util.*;
public class ArrayOfGenerics {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String>[] ls;
List[] la = new List[10];
ls = (List<String>[])la; // "Unchecked" warning
ls[0] = new ArrayList<String>();
// Compile-time checking produces an error:
//! ls[1] = new ArrayList<Integer>();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String>[] ls;
List[] la = new List[10];
ls = (List<String>[]) la; // "Unchecked" warning
ls[0] = new ArrayList<String>();
// Compile-time checking produces an error:
//! ls[1] = new ArrayList<Integer>();
// The problem: List<String> is a subtype of Object
Object[] objects = ls; // So assignment is OK
// Compiles and runs without complaint:
objects[1] = new ArrayList<Integer>();
// The problem: List<String> is a subtype of Object
Object[] objects = ls; // So assignment is OK
// Compiles and runs without complaint:
objects[1] = new ArrayList<Integer>();
// However, if your needs are straightforward it is
// possible to create an array of generics, albeit
// with an "unchecked" warning:
List<BerylliumSphere>[] spheres =
(List<BerylliumSphere>[])new List[10];
for(int i = 0; i < spheres.length; i++) {
spheres[i] = new ArrayList<BerylliumSphere>();
// However, if your needs are straightforward it is
// possible to create an array of generics, albeit
// with an "unchecked" warning:
List<BerylliumSphere>[] spheres =
(List<BerylliumSphere>[]) new List[10];
for (int i = 0; i < spheres.length; i++) {
spheres[i] = new ArrayList<BerylliumSphere>();
}
}
}
} ///:~

98
src/arrays/ArrayOptions.java
View File

@@ -1,60 +1,62 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ArrayOptions.java
// Initialization & re-assignment of arrays.
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class ArrayOptions {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Arrays of objects:
BerylliumSphere[] a; // Local uninitialized variable
BerylliumSphere[] b = new BerylliumSphere[5];
// The references inside the array are
// automatically initialized to null:
print("b: " + Arrays.toString(b));
BerylliumSphere[] c = new BerylliumSphere[4];
for(int i = 0; i < c.length; i++) {
if(c[i] == null) // Can test for null reference
{
c[i] = new BerylliumSphere();
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Arrays of objects:
BerylliumSphere[] a; // Local uninitialized variable
BerylliumSphere[] b = new BerylliumSphere[5];
// The references inside the array are
// automatically initialized to null:
print("b: " + Arrays.toString(b));
BerylliumSphere[] c = new BerylliumSphere[4];
for (int i = 0; i < c.length; i++) {
if (c[i] == null) // Can test for null reference
{
c[i] = new BerylliumSphere();
}
}
}
// Aggregate initialization:
BerylliumSphere[] d = { new BerylliumSphere(),
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere()
};
// Dynamic aggregate initialization:
a = new BerylliumSphere[]{
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere(),
};
// (Trailing comma is optional in both cases)
print("a.length = " + a.length);
print("b.length = " + b.length);
print("c.length = " + c.length);
print("d.length = " + d.length);
a = d;
print("a.length = " + a.length);
// Aggregate initialization:
BerylliumSphere[] d = {new BerylliumSphere(),
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere()
};
// Dynamic aggregate initialization:
a = new BerylliumSphere[]{
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere(),
};
// (Trailing comma is optional in both cases)
print("a.length = " + a.length);
print("b.length = " + b.length);
print("c.length = " + c.length);
print("d.length = " + d.length);
a = d;
print("a.length = " + a.length);
// Arrays of primitives:
int[] e; // Null reference
int[] f = new int[5];
// The primitives inside the array are
// automatically initialized to zero:
print("f: " + Arrays.toString(f));
int[] g = new int[4];
for(int i = 0; i < g.length; i++) {
g[i] = i*i;
// Arrays of primitives:
int[] e; // Null reference
int[] f = new int[5];
// The primitives inside the array are
// automatically initialized to zero:
print("f: " + Arrays.toString(f));
int[] g = new int[4];
for (int i = 0; i < g.length; i++) {
g[i] = i * i;
}
int[] h = {11, 47, 93};
// Compile error: variable e not initialized:
//!print("e.length = " + e.length);
print("f.length = " + f.length);
print("g.length = " + g.length);
print("h.length = " + h.length);
e = h;
print("e.length = " + e.length);
e = new int[]{1, 2};
print("e.length = " + e.length);
}
int[] h = { 11, 47, 93 };
// Compile error: variable e not initialized:
//!print("e.length = " + e.length);
print("f.length = " + f.length);
print("g.length = " + g.length);
print("h.length = " + h.length);
e = h;
print("e.length = " + e.length);
e = new int[]{ 1, 2 };
print("e.length = " + e.length);
}
} /* Output:
b: [null, null, null, null, null]
a.length = 2

35
src/arrays/ArraySearching.java
View File

@@ -1,27 +1,30 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ArraySearching.java
// Using Arrays.binarySearch().
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class ArraySearching {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Generator<Integer> gen =
new RandomGenerator.Integer(1000);
int[] a = ConvertTo.primitive(
Generated.array(new Integer[25], gen));
Arrays.sort(a);
print("Sorted array: " + Arrays.toString(a));
while(true) {
int r = gen.next();
int location = Arrays.binarySearch(a, r);
if(location >= 0) {
print("Location of " + r + " is " + location +
", a[" + location + "] = " + a[location]);
break; // Out of while loop
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Generator<Integer> gen =
new RandomGenerator.Integer(1000);
int[] a = ConvertTo.primitive(
Generated.array(new Integer[25], gen));
Arrays.sort(a);
print("Sorted array: " + Arrays.toString(a));
while (true) {
int r = gen.next();
int location = Arrays.binarySearch(a, r);
if (location >= 0) {
print("Location of " + r + " is " + location +
", a[" + location + "] = " + a[location]);
break; // Out of while loop
}
}
}
}
} /* Output:
Sorted array: [128, 140, 200, 207, 258, 258, 278, 288, 322, 429, 511, 520, 522, 551, 555, 589, 693, 704, 809, 861, 861, 868, 916, 961, 998]
Location of 322 is 8, a[8] = 322

21
src/arrays/AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays.java
View File

@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays.java
// Creating multidimensional arrays.
import java.util.*;
public class AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[][] a;
a = new Integer[3][];
for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
a[i] = new Integer[3];
for(int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) {
a[i][j] = i * j; // Autoboxing
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[][] a;
a = new Integer[3][];
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
a[i] = new Integer[3];
for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) {
a[i][j] = i * j; // Autoboxing
}
}
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
}
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
}
} /* Output:
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 2], [0, 2, 4]]
*///:~

19
src/arrays/AutoboxingArrays.java
View File

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/AutoboxingArrays.java
import java.util.*;
public class AutoboxingArrays {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[][] a = { // Autoboxing:
{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 },
{ 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 },
{ 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 },
{ 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 },
};
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[][] a = { // Autoboxing:
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10},
{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30},
{51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60},
{71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80},
};
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
}
} /* Output:
[[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30], [51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60], [71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80]]
*///:~

78
src/arrays/CompType.java
View File

@@ -1,44 +1,56 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/CompType.java
// Implementing Comparable in a class.
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class CompType implements Comparable<CompType> {
int i;
int j;
private static int count = 1;
public CompType(int n1, int n2) {
i = n1;
j = n2;
}
public String toString() {
String result = "[i = " + i + ", j = " + j + "]";
if(count++ % 3 == 0) {
result += "\n";
int i;
int j;
private static int count = 1;
public CompType(int n1, int n2) {
i = n1;
j = n2;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
String result = "[i = " + i + ", j = " + j + "]";
if (count++ % 3 == 0) {
result += "\n";
}
return result;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(CompType rv) {
return (i < rv.i ? -1 : (i == rv.i ? 0 : 1));
}
private static Random r = new Random(47);
public static Generator<CompType> generator() {
return new Generator<CompType>() {
@Override
public CompType next() {
return new CompType(r.nextInt(100), r.nextInt(100));
}
};
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CompType[] a =
Generated.array(new CompType[12], generator());
print("before sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
Arrays.sort(a);
print("after sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
}
return result;
}
public int compareTo(CompType rv) {
return (i < rv.i ? -1 : (i == rv.i ? 0 : 1));
}
private static Random r = new Random(47);
public static Generator<CompType> generator() {
return new Generator<CompType>() {
public CompType next() {
return new CompType(r.nextInt(100),r.nextInt(100));
}
};
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CompType[] a =
Generated.array(new CompType[12], generator());
print("before sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
Arrays.sort(a);
print("after sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
}
} /* Output:
before sorting:
[[i = 58, j = 55], [i = 93, j = 61], [i = 61, j = 29]

28
src/arrays/ComparatorTest.java
View File

@@ -1,25 +1,29 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ComparatorTest.java
// Implementing a Comparator for a class.
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class CompTypeComparator implements Comparator<CompType> {
public int compare(CompType o1, CompType o2) {
return (o1.j < o2.j ? -1 : (o1.j == o2.j ? 0 : 1));
}
@Override
public int compare(CompType o1, CompType o2) {
return (o1.j < o2.j ? -1 : (o1.j == o2.j ? 0 : 1));
}
}
public class ComparatorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CompType[] a = Generated.array(
new CompType[12], CompType.generator());
print("before sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
Arrays.sort(a, new CompTypeComparator());
print("after sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CompType[] a = Generated.array(
new CompType[12], CompType.generator());
print("before sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
Arrays.sort(a, new CompTypeComparator());
print("after sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
}
} /* Output:
before sorting:
[[i = 58, j = 55], [i = 93, j = 61], [i = 61, j = 29]

30
src/arrays/ComparingArrays.java
View File

@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ComparingArrays.java
// Using Arrays.equals()
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class ComparingArrays {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] a1 = new int[10];
int[] a2 = new int[10];
Arrays.fill(a1, 47);
Arrays.fill(a2, 47);
print(Arrays.equals(a1, a2));
a2[3] = 11;
print(Arrays.equals(a1, a2));
String[] s1 = new String[4];
Arrays.fill(s1, "Hi");
String[] s2 = { new String("Hi"), new String("Hi"),
new String("Hi"), new String("Hi") };
print(Arrays.equals(s1, s2));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] a1 = new int[10];
int[] a2 = new int[10];
Arrays.fill(a1, 47);
Arrays.fill(a2, 47);
print(Arrays.equals(a1, a2));
a2[3] = 11;
print(Arrays.equals(a1, a2));
String[] s1 = new String[4];
Arrays.fill(s1, "Hi");
String[] s2 = {new String("Hi"), new String("Hi"),
new String("Hi"), new String("Hi")};
print(Arrays.equals(s1, s2));
}
} /* Output:
true
false

62
src/arrays/ContainerComparison.java
View File

@@ -1,40 +1,46 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ContainerComparison.java
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class BerylliumSphere {
private static long counter;
private final long id = counter++;
public String toString() { return "Sphere " + id; }
private static long counter;
private final long id = counter++;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sphere " + id;
}
}
public class ContainerComparison {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BerylliumSphere[] spheres = new BerylliumSphere[10];
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
spheres[i] = new BerylliumSphere();
public static void main(String[] args) {
BerylliumSphere[] spheres = new BerylliumSphere[10];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
spheres[i] = new BerylliumSphere();
}
print(Arrays.toString(spheres));
print(spheres[4]);
List<BerylliumSphere> sphereList =
new ArrayList<BerylliumSphere>();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sphereList.add(new BerylliumSphere());
}
print(sphereList);
print(sphereList.get(4));
int[] integers = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
print(Arrays.toString(integers));
print(integers[4]);
List<Integer> intList = new ArrayList<Integer>(
Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
intList.add(97);
print(intList);
print(intList.get(4));
}
print(Arrays.toString(spheres));
print(spheres[4]);
List<BerylliumSphere> sphereList =
new ArrayList<BerylliumSphere>();
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sphereList.add(new BerylliumSphere());
}
print(sphereList);
print(sphereList.get(4));
int[] integers = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
print(Arrays.toString(integers));
print(integers[4]);
List<Integer> intList = new ArrayList<Integer>(
Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
intList.add(97);
print(intList);
print(intList.get(4));
}
} /* Output:
[Sphere 0, Sphere 1, Sphere 2, Sphere 3, Sphere 4, null, null, null, null, null]
Sphere 4

54
src/arrays/CopyingArrays.java
View File

@@ -1,35 +1,37 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/CopyingArrays.java
// Using System.arraycopy()
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class CopyingArrays {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] i = new int[7];
int[] j = new int[10];
Arrays.fill(i, 47);
Arrays.fill(j, 99);
print("i = " + Arrays.toString(i));
print("j = " + Arrays.toString(j));
System.arraycopy(i, 0, j, 0, i.length);
print("j = " + Arrays.toString(j));
int[] k = new int[5];
Arrays.fill(k, 103);
System.arraycopy(i, 0, k, 0, k.length);
print("k = " + Arrays.toString(k));
Arrays.fill(k, 103);
System.arraycopy(k, 0, i, 0, k.length);
print("i = " + Arrays.toString(i));
// Objects:
Integer[] u = new Integer[10];
Integer[] v = new Integer[5];
Arrays.fill(u, new Integer(47));
Arrays.fill(v, new Integer(99));
print("u = " + Arrays.toString(u));
print("v = " + Arrays.toString(v));
System.arraycopy(v, 0, u, u.length/2, v.length);
print("u = " + Arrays.toString(u));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] i = new int[7];
int[] j = new int[10];
Arrays.fill(i, 47);
Arrays.fill(j, 99);
print("i = " + Arrays.toString(i));
print("j = " + Arrays.toString(j));
System.arraycopy(i, 0, j, 0, i.length);
print("j = " + Arrays.toString(j));
int[] k = new int[5];
Arrays.fill(k, 103);
System.arraycopy(i, 0, k, 0, k.length);
print("k = " + Arrays.toString(k));
Arrays.fill(k, 103);
System.arraycopy(k, 0, i, 0, k.length);
print("i = " + Arrays.toString(i));
// Objects:
Integer[] u = new Integer[10];
Integer[] v = new Integer[5];
Arrays.fill(u, new Integer(47));
Arrays.fill(v, new Integer(99));
print("u = " + Arrays.toString(u));
print("v = " + Arrays.toString(v));
System.arraycopy(v, 0, u, u.length / 2, v.length);
print("u = " + Arrays.toString(u));
}
} /* Output:
i = [47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47]
j = [99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99]

68
src/arrays/FillingArrays.java
View File

@@ -1,42 +1,44 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/FillingArrays.java
// Using Arrays.fill()
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class FillingArrays {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int size = 6;
boolean[] a1 = new boolean[size];
byte[] a2 = new byte[size];
char[] a3 = new char[size];
short[] a4 = new short[size];
int[] a5 = new int[size];
long[] a6 = new long[size];
float[] a7 = new float[size];
double[] a8 = new double[size];
String[] a9 = new String[size];
Arrays.fill(a1, true);
print("a1 = " + Arrays.toString(a1));
Arrays.fill(a2, (byte)11);
print("a2 = " + Arrays.toString(a2));
Arrays.fill(a3, 'x');
print("a3 = " + Arrays.toString(a3));
Arrays.fill(a4, (short)17);
print("a4 = " + Arrays.toString(a4));
Arrays.fill(a5, 19);
print("a5 = " + Arrays.toString(a5));
Arrays.fill(a6, 23);
print("a6 = " + Arrays.toString(a6));
Arrays.fill(a7, 29);
print("a7 = " + Arrays.toString(a7));
Arrays.fill(a8, 47);
print("a8 = " + Arrays.toString(a8));
Arrays.fill(a9, "Hello");
print("a9 = " + Arrays.toString(a9));
// Manipulating ranges:
Arrays.fill(a9, 3, 5, "World");
print("a9 = " + Arrays.toString(a9));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int size = 6;
boolean[] a1 = new boolean[size];
byte[] a2 = new byte[size];
char[] a3 = new char[size];
short[] a4 = new short[size];
int[] a5 = new int[size];
long[] a6 = new long[size];
float[] a7 = new float[size];
double[] a8 = new double[size];
String[] a9 = new String[size];
Arrays.fill(a1, true);
print("a1 = " + Arrays.toString(a1));
Arrays.fill(a2, (byte) 11);
print("a2 = " + Arrays.toString(a2));
Arrays.fill(a3, 'x');
print("a3 = " + Arrays.toString(a3));
Arrays.fill(a4, (short) 17);
print("a4 = " + Arrays.toString(a4));
Arrays.fill(a5, 19);
print("a5 = " + Arrays.toString(a5));
Arrays.fill(a6, 23);
print("a6 = " + Arrays.toString(a6));
Arrays.fill(a7, 29);
print("a7 = " + Arrays.toString(a7));
Arrays.fill(a8, 47);
print("a8 = " + Arrays.toString(a8));
Arrays.fill(a9, "Hello");
print("a9 = " + Arrays.toString(a9));
// Manipulating ranges:
Arrays.fill(a9, 3, 5, "World");
print("a9 = " + Arrays.toString(a9));
}
} /* Output:
a1 = [true, true, true, true, true, true]
a2 = [11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11]

35
src/arrays/GeneratorsTest.java
View File

@@ -1,25 +1,28 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/GeneratorsTest.java
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class GeneratorsTest {
public static int size = 10;
public static void test(Class<?> surroundingClass) {
for(Class<?> type : surroundingClass.getClasses()) {
System.out.print(type.getSimpleName() + ": ");
try {
Generator<?> g = (Generator<?>)type.newInstance();
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
System.out.printf(g.next() + " ");
public static int size = 10;
public static void test(Class<?> surroundingClass) {
for (Class<?> type : surroundingClass.getClasses()) {
System.out.print(type.getSimpleName() + ": ");
try {
Generator<?> g = (Generator<?>) type.newInstance();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
System.out.printf(g.next() + " ");
}
System.out.println();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
System.out.println();
} catch(Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test(CountingGenerator.class);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test(CountingGenerator.class);
}
} /* Output:
Double: 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
Float: 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0

55
src/arrays/IceCream.java
View File

@@ -1,36 +1,39 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/IceCream.java
// Returning arrays from methods.
import java.util.*;
public class IceCream {
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
static final String[] FLAVORS = {
"Chocolate", "Strawberry", "Vanilla Fudge Swirl",
"Mint Chip", "Mocha Almond Fudge", "Rum Raisin",
"Praline Cream", "Mud Pie"
};
public static String[] flavorSet(int n) {
if(n > FLAVORS.length) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Set too big");
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
static final String[] FLAVORS = {
"Chocolate", "Strawberry", "Vanilla Fudge Swirl",
"Mint Chip", "Mocha Almond Fudge", "Rum Raisin",
"Praline Cream", "Mud Pie"
};
public static String[] flavorSet(int n) {
if (n > FLAVORS.length) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Set too big");
}
String[] results = new String[n];
boolean[] picked = new boolean[FLAVORS.length];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int t;
do {
t = rand.nextInt(FLAVORS.length);
}
while (picked[t]);
results[i] = FLAVORS[t];
picked[t] = true;
}
return results;
}
String[] results = new String[n];
boolean[] picked = new boolean[FLAVORS.length];
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int t;
do {
t = rand.nextInt(FLAVORS.length);
}
while(picked[t]);
results[i] = FLAVORS[t];
picked[t] = true;
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(flavorSet(3)));
}
}
return results;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(flavorSet(3)));
}
}
} /* Output:
[Rum Raisin, Mint Chip, Mocha Almond Fudge]
[Chocolate, Strawberry, Mocha Almond Fudge]

39
src/arrays/MultiDimWrapperArray.java
View File

@@ -1,27 +1,28 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/MultiDimWrapperArray.java
// Multidimensional arrays of "wrapper" objects.
import java.util.*;
public class MultiDimWrapperArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[][] a1 = { // Autoboxing
{ 1, 2, 3, },
{ 4, 5, 6, },
};
Double[][][] a2 = { // Autoboxing
{ { 1.1, 2.2 }, { 3.3, 4.4 } },
{ { 5.5, 6.6 }, { 7.7, 8.8 } },
{ { 9.9, 1.2 }, { 2.3, 3.4 } },
};
String[][] a3 = {
{ "The", "Quick", "Sly", "Fox" },
{ "Jumped", "Over" },
{ "The", "Lazy", "Brown", "Dog", "and", "friend" },
};
System.out.println("a1: " + Arrays.deepToString(a1));
System.out.println("a2: " + Arrays.deepToString(a2));
System.out.println("a3: " + Arrays.deepToString(a3));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[][] a1 = { // Autoboxing
{1, 2, 3,},
{4, 5, 6,},
};
Double[][][] a2 = { // Autoboxing
{{1.1, 2.2}, {3.3, 4.4}},
{{5.5, 6.6}, {7.7, 8.8}},
{{9.9, 1.2}, {2.3, 3.4}},
};
String[][] a3 = {
{"The", "Quick", "Sly", "Fox"},
{"Jumped", "Over"},
{"The", "Lazy", "Brown", "Dog", "and", "friend"},
};
System.out.println("a1: " + Arrays.deepToString(a1));
System.out.println("a2: " + Arrays.deepToString(a2));
System.out.println("a3: " + Arrays.deepToString(a3));
}
} /* Output:
a1: [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
a2: [[[1.1, 2.2], [3.3, 4.4]], [[5.5, 6.6], [7.7, 8.8]], [[9.9, 1.2], [2.3, 3.4]]]

25
src/arrays/MultidimensionalObjectArrays.java
View File

@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/MultidimensionalObjectArrays.java
import java.util.*;
public class MultidimensionalObjectArrays {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BerylliumSphere[][] spheres = {
{ new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere() },
{ new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere(),
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere() },
{ new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere(),
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere(),
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere(),
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere() },
};
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(spheres));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BerylliumSphere[][] spheres = {
{new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere()},
{new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere(),
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere()},
{new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere(),
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere(),
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere(),
new BerylliumSphere(), new BerylliumSphere()},
};
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(spheres));
}
} /* Output:
[[Sphere 0, Sphere 1], [Sphere 2, Sphere 3, Sphere 4, Sphere 5], [Sphere 6, Sphere 7, Sphere 8, Sphere 9, Sphere 10, Sphere 11, Sphere 12, Sphere 13]]
*///:~

15
src/arrays/MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray.java
View File

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray.java
// Creating multidimensional arrays.
import java.util.*;
public class MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] a = {
{ 1, 2, 3, },
{ 4, 5, 6, },
};
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] a = {
{1, 2, 3,},
{4, 5, 6,},
};
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
}
} /* Output:
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
*///:~

28
src/arrays/ParameterizedArrayType.java
View File

@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ParameterizedArrayType.java
class ClassParameter<T> {
public T[] f(T[] arg) { return arg; }
public T[] f(T[] arg) {
return arg;
}
}
class MethodParameter {
public static <T> T[] f(T[] arg) { return arg; }
public static <T> T[] f(T[] arg) {
return arg;
}
}
public class ParameterizedArrayType {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[] ints = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
Double[] doubles = { 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5 };
Integer[] ints2 =
new ClassParameter<Integer>().f(ints);
Double[] doubles2 =
new ClassParameter<Double>().f(doubles);
ints2 = MethodParameter.f(ints);
doubles2 = MethodParameter.f(doubles);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[] ints = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Double[] doubles = {1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5};
Integer[] ints2 =
new ClassParameter<Integer>().f(ints);
Double[] doubles2 =
new ClassParameter<Double>().f(doubles);
ints2 = MethodParameter.f(ints);
doubles2 = MethodParameter.f(doubles);
}
} ///:~

22
src/arrays/PrimitiveConversionDemonstration.java
View File

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/PrimitiveConversionDemonstration.java
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class PrimitiveConversionDemonstration {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[] a = Generated.array(Integer.class,
new CountingGenerator.Integer(), 15);
int[] b = ConvertTo.primitive(a);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
boolean[] c = ConvertTo.primitive(
Generated.array(Boolean.class,
new CountingGenerator.Boolean(), 7));
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(c));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[] a = Generated.array(Integer.class,
new CountingGenerator.Integer(), 15);
int[] b = ConvertTo.primitive(a);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
boolean[] c = ConvertTo.primitive(
Generated.array(Boolean.class,
new CountingGenerator.Boolean(), 7));
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(c));
}
} /* Output:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]
[true, false, true, false, true, false, true]

23
src/arrays/RaggedArray.java
View File

@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/RaggedArray.java
import java.util.*;
public class RaggedArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Random rand = new Random(47);
// 3-D array with varied-length vectors:
int[][][] a = new int[rand.nextInt(7)][][];
for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
a[i] = new int[rand.nextInt(5)][];
for(int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) {
a[i][j] = new int[rand.nextInt(5)];
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Random rand = new Random(47);
// 3-D array with varied-length vectors:
int[][][] a = new int[rand.nextInt(7)][][];
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
a[i] = new int[rand.nextInt(5)][];
for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) {
a[i][j] = new int[rand.nextInt(5)];
}
}
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
}
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
}
} /* Output:
[[], [[0], [0], [0, 0, 0, 0]], [[], [0, 0], [0, 0]], [[0, 0, 0], [0], [0, 0, 0, 0]], [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0], []], [[0], [], [0]]]
*///:~

7
src/arrays/RandomGeneratorsTest.java
View File

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/RandomGeneratorsTest.java
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class RandomGeneratorsTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
GeneratorsTest.test(RandomGenerator.class);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
GeneratorsTest.test(RandomGenerator.class);
}
} /* Output:
Double: 0.73 0.53 0.16 0.19 0.52 0.27 0.26 0.05 0.8 0.76
Float: 0.53 0.16 0.53 0.4 0.49 0.25 0.8 0.11 0.02 0.8

21
src/arrays/Reverse.java
View File

@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/Reverse.java
// The Collections.reverseOrder() Comparator
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class Reverse {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CompType[] a = Generated.array(
new CompType[12], CompType.generator());
print("before sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
Arrays.sort(a, Collections.reverseOrder());
print("after sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CompType[] a = Generated.array(
new CompType[12], CompType.generator());
print("before sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
Arrays.sort(a, Collections.reverseOrder());
print("after sorting:");
print(Arrays.toString(a));
}
} /* Output:
before sorting:
[[i = 58, j = 55], [i = 93, j = 61], [i = 61, j = 29]

25
src/arrays/StringSorting.java
View File

@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/StringSorting.java
// Sorting an array of Strings.
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class StringSorting {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] sa = Generated.array(new String[20],
new RandomGenerator.String(5));
print("Before sort: " + Arrays.toString(sa));
Arrays.sort(sa);
print("After sort: " + Arrays.toString(sa));
Arrays.sort(sa, Collections.reverseOrder());
print("Reverse sort: " + Arrays.toString(sa));
Arrays.sort(sa, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
print("Case-insensitive sort: " + Arrays.toString(sa));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] sa = Generated.array(new String[20],
new RandomGenerator.String(5));
print("Before sort: " + Arrays.toString(sa));
Arrays.sort(sa);
print("After sort: " + Arrays.toString(sa));
Arrays.sort(sa, Collections.reverseOrder());
print("Reverse sort: " + Arrays.toString(sa));
Arrays.sort(sa, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
print("Case-insensitive sort: " + Arrays.toString(sa));
}
} /* Output:
Before sort: [YNzbr, nyGcF, OWZnT, cQrGs, eGZMm, JMRoE, suEcU, OneOE, dLsmw, HLGEa, hKcxr, EqUCB, bkIna, Mesbt, WHkjU, rUkZP, gwsqP, zDyCy, RFJQA, HxxHv]
After sort: [EqUCB, HLGEa, HxxHv, JMRoE, Mesbt, OWZnT, OneOE, RFJQA, WHkjU, YNzbr, bkIna, cQrGs, dLsmw, eGZMm, gwsqP, hKcxr, nyGcF, rUkZP, suEcU, zDyCy]

59
src/arrays/TestArrayGeneration.java
View File

@@ -1,38 +1,41 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/TestArrayGeneration.java
// Test the tools that use generators to fill arrays.
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class TestArrayGeneration {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int size = 6;
boolean[] a1 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Boolean.class, new RandomGenerator.Boolean(), size));
print("a1 = " + Arrays.toString(a1));
byte[] a2 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Byte.class, new RandomGenerator.Byte(), size));
print("a2 = " + Arrays.toString(a2));
char[] a3 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Character.class,
new RandomGenerator.Character(), size));
print("a3 = " + Arrays.toString(a3));
short[] a4 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Short.class, new RandomGenerator.Short(), size));
print("a4 = " + Arrays.toString(a4));
int[] a5 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Integer.class, new RandomGenerator.Integer(), size));
print("a5 = " + Arrays.toString(a5));
long[] a6 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Long.class, new RandomGenerator.Long(), size));
print("a6 = " + Arrays.toString(a6));
float[] a7 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Float.class, new RandomGenerator.Float(), size));
print("a7 = " + Arrays.toString(a7));
double[] a8 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Double.class, new RandomGenerator.Double(), size));
print("a8 = " + Arrays.toString(a8));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int size = 6;
boolean[] a1 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Boolean.class, new RandomGenerator.Boolean(), size));
print("a1 = " + Arrays.toString(a1));
byte[] a2 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Byte.class, new RandomGenerator.Byte(), size));
print("a2 = " + Arrays.toString(a2));
char[] a3 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Character.class,
new RandomGenerator.Character(), size));
print("a3 = " + Arrays.toString(a3));
short[] a4 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Short.class, new RandomGenerator.Short(), size));
print("a4 = " + Arrays.toString(a4));
int[] a5 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Integer.class, new RandomGenerator.Integer(), size));
print("a5 = " + Arrays.toString(a5));
long[] a6 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Long.class, new RandomGenerator.Long(), size));
print("a6 = " + Arrays.toString(a6));
float[] a7 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Float.class, new RandomGenerator.Float(), size));
print("a7 = " + Arrays.toString(a7));
double[] a8 = ConvertTo.primitive(Generated.array(
Double.class, new RandomGenerator.Double(), size));
print("a8 = " + Arrays.toString(a8));
}
} /* Output:
a1 = [true, false, true, false, false, true]
a2 = [104, -79, -76, 126, 33, -64]

20
src/arrays/TestGenerated.java
View File

@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/TestGenerated.java
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class TestGenerated {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[] a = { 9, 8, 7, 6 };
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
a = Generated.array(a,new CountingGenerator.Integer());
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
Integer[] b = Generated.array(Integer.class,
new CountingGenerator.Integer(), 15);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[] a = {9, 8, 7, 6};
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
a = Generated.array(a, new CountingGenerator.Integer());
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
Integer[] b = Generated.array(Integer.class,
new CountingGenerator.Integer(), 15);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
}
} /* Output:
[9, 8, 7, 6]
[0, 1, 2, 3]

11
src/arrays/ThreeDWithNew.java
View File

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ThreeDWithNew.java
import java.util.*;
public class ThreeDWithNew {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 3-D array with fixed length:
int[][][] a = new int[2][2][4];
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 3-D array with fixed length:
int[][][] a = new int[2][2][4];
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
}
} /* Output:
[[[0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]], [[0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]]
*///:~

576
src/arrays/build.xml
View File

@@ -1,329 +1,329 @@
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project
basedir="."
default="run"
name="Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel (chapter: arrays)">
basedir="."
default="run"
name="Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel (chapter: arrays)">
<description>
build.xml for the source code for the arrays chapter of
Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel
Source code available at http://www.MindView.net
See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt
<description>
build.xml for the source code for the arrays chapter of
Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel
Source code available at http://www.MindView.net
See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt
Ant available from: http://jakarta.apache.org/ant
Ant available from: http://jakarta.apache.org/ant
To see options, type: ant -p
To see options, type: ant -p
This file was automatically generated by AntBuilder
</description>
This file was automatically generated by AntBuilder
</description>
<condition property="version1.5">
<equals arg1="1.5" arg2="${ant.java.version}"/>
</condition>
<condition property="version1.5">
<equals arg1="1.5" arg2="${ant.java.version}"/>
</condition>
<target name="net_mindview_util">
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
srcdir="${basedir}/../net/mindview/util/">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="net_mindview_util">
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
srcdir="${basedir}/../net/mindview/util/">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target
depends="net_mindview_util"
description="Build all classes in this directory"
name="build">
<fail message="J2SE5 required" unless="version1.5"/>
<echo message="Building 'arrays'"/>
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
debug="true"
srcdir="${basedir}">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
<echo message="Build 'arrays' succeeded"/>
</target>
<target
depends="net_mindview_util"
description="Build all classes in this directory"
name="build">
<fail message="J2SE5 required" unless="version1.5"/>
<echo message="Building 'arrays'"/>
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
debug="true"
srcdir="${basedir}">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
<echo message="Build 'arrays' succeeded"/>
</target>
<target name="AlphabeticSearch">
<java
classname="AlphabeticSearch"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AlphabeticSearch">
<java
classname="AlphabeticSearch"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ArrayOfGenerics">
<java
classname="ArrayOfGenerics"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ArrayOfGenerics">
<java
classname="ArrayOfGenerics"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ArrayOptions">
<java
classname="ArrayOptions"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ArrayOptions">
<java
classname="ArrayOptions"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ArraySearching">
<java
classname="ArraySearching"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ArraySearching">
<java
classname="ArraySearching"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays">
<java
classname="AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays">
<java
classname="AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AutoboxingArrays">
<java
classname="AutoboxingArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="AutoboxingArrays">
<java
classname="AutoboxingArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ComparatorTest">
<java
classname="ComparatorTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ComparatorTest">
<java
classname="ComparatorTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ComparingArrays">
<java
classname="ComparingArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ComparingArrays">
<java
classname="ComparingArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="CompType">
<java
classname="CompType"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="CompType">
<java
classname="CompType"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ContainerComparison">
<java
classname="ContainerComparison"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ContainerComparison">
<java
classname="ContainerComparison"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="CopyingArrays">
<java
classname="CopyingArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="CopyingArrays">
<java
classname="CopyingArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="FillingArrays">
<java
classname="FillingArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="FillingArrays">
<java
classname="FillingArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="GeneratorsTest">
<java
classname="GeneratorsTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="GeneratorsTest">
<java
classname="GeneratorsTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="IceCream">
<java
classname="IceCream"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="IceCream">
<java
classname="IceCream"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="MultidimensionalObjectArrays">
<java
classname="MultidimensionalObjectArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="MultidimensionalObjectArrays">
<java
classname="MultidimensionalObjectArrays"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray">
<java
classname="MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray">
<java
classname="MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="MultiDimWrapperArray">
<java
classname="MultiDimWrapperArray"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="MultiDimWrapperArray">
<java
classname="MultiDimWrapperArray"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ParameterizedArrayType">
<java
classname="ParameterizedArrayType"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ParameterizedArrayType">
<java
classname="ParameterizedArrayType"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="PrimitiveConversionDemonstration">
<java
classname="PrimitiveConversionDemonstration"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="PrimitiveConversionDemonstration">
<java
classname="PrimitiveConversionDemonstration"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="RaggedArray">
<java
classname="RaggedArray"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="RaggedArray">
<java
classname="RaggedArray"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="RandomGeneratorsTest">
<java
classname="RandomGeneratorsTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="RandomGeneratorsTest">
<java
classname="RandomGeneratorsTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="Reverse">
<java
classname="Reverse"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="Reverse">
<java
classname="Reverse"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="StringSorting">
<java
classname="StringSorting"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="StringSorting">
<java
classname="StringSorting"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="TestArrayGeneration">
<java
classname="TestArrayGeneration"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="TestArrayGeneration">
<java
classname="TestArrayGeneration"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="TestGenerated">
<java
classname="TestGenerated"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="TestGenerated">
<java
classname="TestGenerated"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ThreeDWithNew">
<java
classname="ThreeDWithNew"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target name="ThreeDWithNew">
<java
classname="ThreeDWithNew"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../arrays/"
failonerror="true"
fork="true"/>
</target>
<target
depends="build"
description="Compile and run"
name="run">
<touch file="failures"/>
<antcall target="AlphabeticSearch"/>
<antcall target="ArrayOfGenerics"/>
<antcall target="ArrayOptions"/>
<antcall target="ArraySearching"/>
<antcall target="AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays"/>
<antcall target="AutoboxingArrays"/>
<antcall target="ComparatorTest"/>
<antcall target="ComparingArrays"/>
<antcall target="CompType"/>
<antcall target="ContainerComparison"/>
<antcall target="CopyingArrays"/>
<antcall target="FillingArrays"/>
<antcall target="GeneratorsTest"/>
<antcall target="IceCream"/>
<antcall target="MultidimensionalObjectArrays"/>
<antcall target="MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray"/>
<antcall target="MultiDimWrapperArray"/>
<antcall target="ParameterizedArrayType"/>
<antcall target="PrimitiveConversionDemonstration"/>
<antcall target="RaggedArray"/>
<antcall target="RandomGeneratorsTest"/>
<antcall target="Reverse"/>
<antcall target="StringSorting"/>
<antcall target="TestArrayGeneration"/>
<antcall target="TestGenerated"/>
<antcall target="ThreeDWithNew"/>
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
<target
depends="build"
description="Compile and run"
name="run">
<touch file="failures"/>
<antcall target="AlphabeticSearch"/>
<antcall target="ArrayOfGenerics"/>
<antcall target="ArrayOptions"/>
<antcall target="ArraySearching"/>
<antcall target="AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays"/>
<antcall target="AutoboxingArrays"/>
<antcall target="ComparatorTest"/>
<antcall target="ComparingArrays"/>
<antcall target="CompType"/>
<antcall target="ContainerComparison"/>
<antcall target="CopyingArrays"/>
<antcall target="FillingArrays"/>
<antcall target="GeneratorsTest"/>
<antcall target="IceCream"/>
<antcall target="MultidimensionalObjectArrays"/>
<antcall target="MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray"/>
<antcall target="MultiDimWrapperArray"/>
<antcall target="ParameterizedArrayType"/>
<antcall target="PrimitiveConversionDemonstration"/>
<antcall target="RaggedArray"/>
<antcall target="RandomGeneratorsTest"/>
<antcall target="Reverse"/>
<antcall target="StringSorting"/>
<antcall target="TestArrayGeneration"/>
<antcall target="TestGenerated"/>
<antcall target="ThreeDWithNew"/>
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
<target description="delete all byproducts" name="clean">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*.class"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*Output.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/log.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="failures"/>
</delete>
<echo message="clean successful"/>
</target>
<target description="delete all byproducts" name="clean">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*.class"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*Output.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/log.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="failures"/>
</delete>
<echo message="clean successful"/>
</target>
</project>

164
src/bangbean/BangBean.java
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
//: bangbean/BangBean.java
// A graphical Bean.
package bangbean;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
@@ -9,75 +10,102 @@ import java.util.*;
public class
BangBean extends JPanel implements Serializable {
private int xm, ym;
private int cSize = 20; // Circle size
private String text = "Bang!";
private int fontSize = 48;
private Color tColor = Color.RED;
private ActionListener actionListener;
public BangBean() {
addMouseListener(new ML());
addMouseMotionListener(new MML());
}
public int getCircleSize() { return cSize; }
public void setCircleSize(int newSize) {
cSize = newSize;
}
public String getBangText() { return text; }
public void setBangText(String newText) {
text = newText;
}
public int getFontSize() { return fontSize; }
public void setFontSize(int newSize) {
fontSize = newSize;
}
public Color getTextColor() { return tColor; }
public void setTextColor(Color newColor) {
tColor = newColor;
}
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawOval(xm - cSize/2, ym - cSize/2, cSize, cSize);
}
// This is a unicast listener, which is
// the simplest form of listener management:
public void addActionListener(ActionListener l)
throws TooManyListenersException {
if(actionListener != null) {
throw new TooManyListenersException();
private int xm, ym;
private int cSize = 20; // Circle size
private String text = "Bang!";
private int fontSize = 48;
private Color tColor = Color.RED;
private ActionListener actionListener;
public BangBean() {
addMouseListener(new ML());
addMouseMotionListener(new MML());
}
actionListener = l;
}
public void removeActionListener(ActionListener l) {
actionListener = null;
}
class ML extends MouseAdapter {
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
Graphics g = getGraphics();
g.setColor(tColor);
g.setFont(
new Font("TimesRoman", Font.BOLD, fontSize));
int width = g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(text);
g.drawString(text, (getSize().width - width) /2,
getSize().height/2);
g.dispose();
// Call the listener's method:
if(actionListener != null) {
actionListener.actionPerformed(
new ActionEvent(BangBean.this,
ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, null));
}
public int getCircleSize() {
return cSize;
}
}
class MML extends MouseMotionAdapter {
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
xm = e.getX();
ym = e.getY();
repaint();
public void setCircleSize(int newSize) {
cSize = newSize;
}
public String getBangText() {
return text;
}
public void setBangText(String newText) {
text = newText;
}
public int getFontSize() {
return fontSize;
}
public void setFontSize(int newSize) {
fontSize = newSize;
}
public Color getTextColor() {
return tColor;
}
public void setTextColor(Color newColor) {
tColor = newColor;
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawOval(xm - cSize / 2, ym - cSize / 2, cSize, cSize);
}
// This is a unicast listener, which is
// the simplest form of listener management:
public void addActionListener(ActionListener l)
throws TooManyListenersException {
if (actionListener != null) {
throw new TooManyListenersException();
}
actionListener = l;
}
public void removeActionListener(ActionListener l) {
actionListener = null;
}
class ML extends MouseAdapter {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
Graphics g = getGraphics();
g.setColor(tColor);
g.setFont(
new Font("TimesRoman", Font.BOLD, fontSize));
int width = g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(text);
g.drawString(text, (getSize().width - width) / 2,
getSize().height / 2);
g.dispose();
// Call the listener's method:
if (actionListener != null) {
actionListener.actionPerformed(
new ActionEvent(BangBean.this,
ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, null));
}
}
}
class MML extends MouseMotionAdapter {
@Override
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
xm = e.getX();
ym = e.getY();
repaint();
}
}
@Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(200, 200);
}
}
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(200, 200);
}
} ///:~

45
src/bangbean/BangBeanTest.java
View File

@@ -1,32 +1,39 @@
//: bangbean/BangBeanTest.java
// {Timeout: 5} Abort after 5 seconds when testing
package bangbean;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.SwingConsole.*;
public class BangBeanTest extends JFrame {
private JTextField txt = new JTextField(20);
// During testing, report actions:
class BBL implements ActionListener {
private int count = 0;
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
txt.setText("BangBean action "+ count++);
private JTextField txt = new JTextField(20);
// During testing, report actions:
class BBL implements ActionListener {
private int count = 0;
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
txt.setText("BangBean action " + count++);
}
}
}
public BangBeanTest() {
BangBean bb = new BangBean();
try {
bb.addActionListener(new BBL());
} catch(TooManyListenersException e) {
txt.setText("Too many listeners");
public BangBeanTest() {
BangBean bb = new BangBean();
try {
bb.addActionListener(new BBL());
} catch (TooManyListenersException e) {
txt.setText("Too many listeners");
}
add(bb);
add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, txt);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
run(new BangBeanTest(), 400, 500);
}
add(bb);
add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, txt);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
run(new BangBeanTest(), 400, 500);
}
} ///:~

114
src/bangbean/build.xml
View File

@@ -1,72 +1,72 @@
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project
basedir="."
default="run"
name="Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel (chapter: bangbean)">
basedir="."
default="run"
name="Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel (chapter: bangbean)">
<description>
build.xml for the source code for the bangbean chapter of
Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel
Source code available at http://www.MindView.net
See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt
<description>
build.xml for the source code for the bangbean chapter of
Thinking in Java, 4th Edition by Bruce Eckel
Source code available at http://www.MindView.net
See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt
Ant available from: http://jakarta.apache.org/ant
Ant available from: http://jakarta.apache.org/ant
To see options, type: ant -p
To see options, type: ant -p
This file was automatically generated by AntBuilder
</description>
This file was automatically generated by AntBuilder
</description>
<condition property="version1.5">
<equals arg1="1.5" arg2="${ant.java.version}"/>
</condition>
<condition property="version1.5">
<equals arg1="1.5" arg2="${ant.java.version}"/>
</condition>
<target
depends=""
description="Build all classes in this directory"
name="build">
<fail message="J2SE5 required" unless="version1.5"/>
<echo message="Building 'bangbean'"/>
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
debug="true"
srcdir="${basedir}">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
<echo message="Build 'bangbean' succeeded"/>
</target>
<target
depends=""
description="Build all classes in this directory"
name="build">
<fail message="J2SE5 required" unless="version1.5"/>
<echo message="Building 'bangbean'"/>
<javac
classpath="${basedir}/.."
debug="true"
srcdir="${basedir}">
<compilerarg value="-Xmaxerrs"/>
<compilerarg value="10"/>
</javac>
<echo message="Build 'bangbean' succeeded"/>
</target>
<target name="BangBeanTest">
<java
classname="bangbean.BangBeanTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../bangbean/"
failonerror="false"
fork="true"
timeout="5000"/>
<echo message="* Exception was expected *"/>
</target>
<target name="BangBeanTest">
<java
classname="bangbean.BangBeanTest"
classpath="${java.class.path};${basedir};${basedir}/.."
dir="../bangbean/"
failonerror="false"
fork="true"
timeout="5000"/>
<echo message="* Exception was expected *"/>
</target>
<target
depends="build"
description="Compile and run"
name="run">
<touch file="failures"/>
<antcall target="BangBeanTest"/>
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
<target
depends="build"
description="Compile and run"
name="run">
<touch file="failures"/>
<antcall target="BangBeanTest"/>
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
<target description="delete all byproducts" name="clean">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*.class"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*Output.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/log.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="failures"/>
</delete>
<echo message="clean successful"/>
</target>
<target description="delete all byproducts" name="clean">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*.class"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/*Output.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="**/log.txt"/>
<fileset dir="${basedir}" includes="failures"/>
</delete>
<echo message="clean successful"/>
</target>
</project>

125
src/concurrency/ActiveObjectDemo.java
View File

@@ -2,71 +2,82 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/ActiveObjectDemo.java
// Can only pass constants, immutables, "disconnected
// objects," or other active objects as arguments
// to asynch methods.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class ActiveObjectDemo {
private ExecutorService ex =
Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
private Random rand = new Random(47);
// Insert a random delay to produce the effect
// of a calculation time:
private void pause(int factor) {
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(
100 + rand.nextInt(factor));
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
print("sleep() interrupted");
private ExecutorService ex =
Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
private Random rand = new Random(47);
// Insert a random delay to produce the effect
// of a calculation time:
private void pause(int factor) {
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(
100 + rand.nextInt(factor));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
print("sleep() interrupted");
}
}
}
public Future<Integer>
calculateInt(final int x, final int y) {
return ex.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
public Integer call() {
print("starting " + x + " + " + y);
pause(500);
return x + y;
}
});
}
public Future<Float>
calculateFloat(final float x, final float y) {
return ex.submit(new Callable<Float>() {
public Float call() {
print("starting " + x + " + " + y);
pause(2000);
return x + y;
}
});
}
public void shutdown() { ex.shutdown(); }
public static void main(String[] args) {
ActiveObjectDemo d1 = new ActiveObjectDemo();
// Prevents ConcurrentModificationException:
List<Future<?>> results =
new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Future<?>>();
for(float f = 0.0f; f < 1.0f; f += 0.2f) {
results.add(d1.calculateFloat(f, f));
}
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
results.add(d1.calculateInt(i, i));
}
print("All asynch calls made");
while(results.size() > 0) {
for(Future<?> f : results) {
if(f.isDone()) {
try {
print(f.get());
} catch(Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
public Future<Integer>
calculateInt(final int x, final int y) {
return ex.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() {
print("starting " + x + " + " + y);
pause(500);
return x + y;
}
results.remove(f);
}
}
});
}
public Future<Float>
calculateFloat(final float x, final float y) {
return ex.submit(new Callable<Float>() {
@Override
public Float call() {
print("starting " + x + " + " + y);
pause(2000);
return x + y;
}
});
}
public void shutdown() {
ex.shutdown();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ActiveObjectDemo d1 = new ActiveObjectDemo();
// Prevents ConcurrentModificationException:
List<Future<?>> results =
new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Future<?>>();
for (float f = 0.0f; f < 1.0f; f += 0.2f) {
results.add(d1.calculateFloat(f, f));
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
results.add(d1.calculateInt(i, i));
}
print("All asynch calls made");
while (results.size() > 0) {
for (Future<?> f : results) {
if (f.isDone()) {
try {
print(f.get());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
results.remove(f);
}
}
}
d1.shutdown();
}
d1.shutdown();
}
} /* Output: (85% match)
All asynch calls made
starting 0.0 + 0.0

20
src/concurrency/AtomicEvenGenerator.java
View File

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/AtomicEvenGenerator.java
// Atomic classes are occasionally useful in regular code.
// {RunByHand}
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
public class AtomicEvenGenerator extends IntGenerator {
private AtomicInteger currentEvenValue =
new AtomicInteger(0);
public int next() {
return currentEvenValue.addAndGet(2);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EvenChecker.test(new AtomicEvenGenerator());
}
private AtomicInteger currentEvenValue =
new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public int next() {
return currentEvenValue.addAndGet(2);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EvenChecker.test(new AtomicEvenGenerator());
}
} ///:~

59
src/concurrency/AtomicIntegerTest.java
View File

@@ -1,33 +1,44 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/AtomicIntegerTest.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.*;
public class AtomicIntegerTest implements Runnable {
private AtomicInteger i = new AtomicInteger(0);
public int getValue() { return i.get(); }
private void evenIncrement() { i.addAndGet(2); }
public void run() {
while(true) {
evenIncrement();
private AtomicInteger i = new AtomicInteger(0);
public int getValue() {
return i.get();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
public void run() {
System.err.println("Aborting");
System.exit(0);
}
}, 5000); // Terminate after 5 seconds
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
AtomicIntegerTest ait = new AtomicIntegerTest();
exec.execute(ait);
while(true) {
int val = ait.getValue();
if(val % 2 != 0) {
System.out.println(val);
System.exit(0);
}
private void evenIncrement() {
i.addAndGet(2);
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
evenIncrement();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.err.println("Aborting");
System.exit(0);
}
}, 5000); // Terminate after 5 seconds
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
AtomicIntegerTest ait = new AtomicIntegerTest();
exec.execute(ait);
while (true) {
int val = ait.getValue();
if (val % 2 != 0) {
System.out.println(val);
System.exit(0);
}
}
}
}
} ///:~

12
src/concurrency/Atomicity.java
View File

@@ -2,9 +2,15 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/Atomicity.java
// {Exec: javap -c Atomicity}
public class Atomicity {
int i;
void f1() { i++; }
void f2() { i += 3; }
int i;
void f1() {
i++;
}
void f2() {
i += 3;
}
} /* Output: (Sample)
...
void f1();

47
src/concurrency/AtomicityTest.java
View File

@@ -1,27 +1,38 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/AtomicityTest.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class AtomicityTest implements Runnable {
private int i = 0;
public int getValue() { return i; }
private synchronized void evenIncrement() { i++; i++; }
public void run() {
while(true) {
evenIncrement();
private int i = 0;
public int getValue() {
return i;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
AtomicityTest at = new AtomicityTest();
exec.execute(at);
while(true) {
int val = at.getValue();
if(val % 2 != 0) {
System.out.println(val);
System.exit(0);
}
private synchronized void evenIncrement() {
i++;
i++;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
evenIncrement();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
AtomicityTest at = new AtomicityTest();
exec.execute(at);
while (true) {
int val = at.getValue();
if (val % 2 != 0) {
System.out.println(val);
System.exit(0);
}
}
}
}
} /* Output: (Sample)
191583767
*///:~

88
src/concurrency/AttemptLocking.java
View File

@@ -1,53 +1,61 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/AttemptLocking.java
// Locks in the concurrent library allow you
// to give up on trying to acquire a lock.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
public class AttemptLocking {
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void untimed() {
boolean captured = lock.tryLock();
try {
System.out.println("tryLock(): " + captured);
} finally {
if(captured) {
lock.unlock();
}
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void untimed() {
boolean captured = lock.tryLock();
try {
System.out.println("tryLock(): " + captured);
} finally {
if (captured) {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
public void timed() {
boolean captured = false;
try {
captured = lock.tryLock(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
public void timed() {
boolean captured = false;
try {
captured = lock.tryLock(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
try {
System.out.println("tryLock(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS): " +
captured);
} finally {
if (captured) {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
try {
System.out.println("tryLock(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS): " +
captured);
} finally {
if(captured) {
lock.unlock();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final AttemptLocking al = new AttemptLocking();
al.untimed(); // True -- lock is available
al.timed(); // True -- lock is available
// Now create a separate task to grab the lock:
new Thread() {
{
setDaemon(true);
}
@Override
public void run() {
al.lock.lock();
System.out.println("acquired");
}
}.start();
Thread.yield(); // Give the 2nd task a chance
al.untimed(); // False -- lock grabbed by task
al.timed(); // False -- lock grabbed by task
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final AttemptLocking al = new AttemptLocking();
al.untimed(); // True -- lock is available
al.timed(); // True -- lock is available
// Now create a separate task to grab the lock:
new Thread() {
{ setDaemon(true); }
public void run() {
al.lock.lock();
System.out.println("acquired");
}
}.start();
Thread.yield(); // Give the 2nd task a chance
al.untimed(); // False -- lock grabbed by task
al.timed(); // False -- lock grabbed by task
}
} /* Output:
tryLock(): true
tryLock(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS): true

358
src/concurrency/BankTellerSimulation.java
View File

@@ -1,197 +1,237 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/BankTellerSimulation.java
// Using queues and multithreading.
// {Args: 5}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
// Read-only objects don't require synchronization:
class Customer {
private final int serviceTime;
public Customer(int tm) { serviceTime = tm; }
public int getServiceTime() { return serviceTime; }
public String toString() {
return "[" + serviceTime + "]";
}
private final int serviceTime;
public Customer(int tm) {
serviceTime = tm;
}
public int getServiceTime() {
return serviceTime;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[" + serviceTime + "]";
}
}
// Teach the customer line to display itself:
class CustomerLine extends ArrayBlockingQueue<Customer> {
public CustomerLine(int maxLineSize) {
super(maxLineSize);
}
public String toString() {
if(this.size() == 0) {
return "[Empty]";
public CustomerLine(int maxLineSize) {
super(maxLineSize);
}
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for(Customer customer : this) {
result.append(customer);
@Override
public String toString() {
if (this.size() == 0) {
return "[Empty]";
}
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (Customer customer : this) {
result.append(customer);
}
return result.toString();
}
return result.toString();
}
}
// Randomly add customers to a queue:
class CustomerGenerator implements Runnable {
private CustomerLine customers;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
public CustomerGenerator(CustomerLine cq) {
customers = cq;
}
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(300));
customers.put(new Customer(rand.nextInt(1000)));
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("CustomerGenerator interrupted");
private CustomerLine customers;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
public CustomerGenerator(CustomerLine cq) {
customers = cq;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(300));
customers.put(new Customer(rand.nextInt(1000)));
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("CustomerGenerator interrupted");
}
System.out.println("CustomerGenerator terminating");
}
System.out.println("CustomerGenerator terminating");
}
}
class Teller implements Runnable, Comparable<Teller> {
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
// Customers served during this shift:
private int customersServed = 0;
private CustomerLine customers;
private boolean servingCustomerLine = true;
public Teller(CustomerLine cq) { customers = cq; }
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
Customer customer = customers.take();
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(
customer.getServiceTime());
synchronized(this) {
customersServed++;
while(!servingCustomerLine) {
wait();
}
}
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(this + "interrupted");
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
// Customers served during this shift:
private int customersServed = 0;
private CustomerLine customers;
private boolean servingCustomerLine = true;
public Teller(CustomerLine cq) {
customers = cq;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
Customer customer = customers.take();
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(
customer.getServiceTime());
synchronized (this) {
customersServed++;
while (!servingCustomerLine) {
wait();
}
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(this + "interrupted");
}
System.out.println(this + "terminating");
}
public synchronized void doSomethingElse() {
customersServed = 0;
servingCustomerLine = false;
}
public synchronized void serveCustomerLine() {
assert !servingCustomerLine : "already serving: " + this;
servingCustomerLine = true;
notifyAll();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Teller " + id + " ";
}
public String shortString() {
return "T" + id;
}
// Used by priority queue:
@Override
public synchronized int compareTo(Teller other) {
return customersServed < other.customersServed ? -1 :
(customersServed == other.customersServed ? 0 : 1);
}
System.out.println(this + "terminating");
}
public synchronized void doSomethingElse() {
customersServed = 0;
servingCustomerLine = false;
}
public synchronized void serveCustomerLine() {
assert !servingCustomerLine:"already serving: " + this;
servingCustomerLine = true;
notifyAll();
}
public String toString() { return "Teller " + id + " "; }
public String shortString() { return "T" + id; }
// Used by priority queue:
public synchronized int compareTo(Teller other) {
return customersServed < other.customersServed ? -1 :
(customersServed == other.customersServed ? 0 : 1);
}
}
class TellerManager implements Runnable {
private ExecutorService exec;
private CustomerLine customers;
private PriorityQueue<Teller> workingTellers =
new PriorityQueue<Teller>();
private Queue<Teller> tellersDoingOtherThings =
new LinkedList<Teller>();
private int adjustmentPeriod;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
public TellerManager(ExecutorService e,
CustomerLine customers, int adjustmentPeriod) {
exec = e;
this.customers = customers;
this.adjustmentPeriod = adjustmentPeriod;
// Start with a single teller:
Teller teller = new Teller(customers);
exec.execute(teller);
workingTellers.add(teller);
}
public void adjustTellerNumber() {
// This is actually a control system. By adjusting
// the numbers, you can reveal stability issues in
// the control mechanism.
// If line is too long, add another teller:
if(customers.size() / workingTellers.size() > 2) {
// If tellers are on break or doing
// another job, bring one back:
if(tellersDoingOtherThings.size() > 0) {
Teller teller = tellersDoingOtherThings.remove();
teller.serveCustomerLine();
workingTellers.offer(teller);
return;
private ExecutorService exec;
private CustomerLine customers;
private PriorityQueue<Teller> workingTellers =
new PriorityQueue<Teller>();
private Queue<Teller> tellersDoingOtherThings =
new LinkedList<Teller>();
private int adjustmentPeriod;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
public TellerManager(ExecutorService e,
CustomerLine customers, int adjustmentPeriod) {
exec = e;
this.customers = customers;
this.adjustmentPeriod = adjustmentPeriod;
// Start with a single teller:
Teller teller = new Teller(customers);
exec.execute(teller);
workingTellers.add(teller);
}
public void adjustTellerNumber() {
// This is actually a control system. By adjusting
// the numbers, you can reveal stability issues in
// the control mechanism.
// If line is too long, add another teller:
if (customers.size() / workingTellers.size() > 2) {
// If tellers are on break or doing
// another job, bring one back:
if (tellersDoingOtherThings.size() > 0) {
Teller teller = tellersDoingOtherThings.remove();
teller.serveCustomerLine();
workingTellers.offer(teller);
return;
}
// Else create (hire) a new teller
Teller teller = new Teller(customers);
exec.execute(teller);
workingTellers.add(teller);
return;
}
// Else create (hire) a new teller
Teller teller = new Teller(customers);
exec.execute(teller);
workingTellers.add(teller);
return;
}
// If line is short enough, remove a teller:
if(workingTellers.size() > 1 &&
customers.size() / workingTellers.size() < 2) {
reassignOneTeller();
}
// If there is no line, we only need one teller:
if(customers.size() == 0) {
while(workingTellers.size() > 1) {
// If line is short enough, remove a teller:
if (workingTellers.size() > 1 &&
customers.size() / workingTellers.size() < 2) {
reassignOneTeller();
}
}
}
// Give a teller a different job or a break:
private void reassignOneTeller() {
Teller teller = workingTellers.poll();
teller.doSomethingElse();
tellersDoingOtherThings.offer(teller);
}
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(adjustmentPeriod);
adjustTellerNumber();
System.out.print(customers + " { ");
for(Teller teller : workingTellers) {
System.out.print(teller.shortString() + " ");
// If there is no line, we only need one teller:
if (customers.size() == 0) {
while (workingTellers.size() > 1) {
reassignOneTeller();
}
}
System.out.println("}");
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(this + "interrupted");
}
System.out.println(this + "terminating");
}
public String toString() { return "TellerManager "; }
// Give a teller a different job or a break:
private void reassignOneTeller() {
Teller teller = workingTellers.poll();
teller.doSomethingElse();
tellersDoingOtherThings.offer(teller);
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(adjustmentPeriod);
adjustTellerNumber();
System.out.print(customers + " { ");
for (Teller teller : workingTellers) {
System.out.print(teller.shortString() + " ");
}
System.out.println("}");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(this + "interrupted");
}
System.out.println(this + "terminating");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "TellerManager ";
}
}
public class BankTellerSimulation {
static final int MAX_LINE_SIZE = 50;
static final int ADJUSTMENT_PERIOD = 1000;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// If line is too long, customers will leave:
CustomerLine customers =
new CustomerLine(MAX_LINE_SIZE);
exec.execute(new CustomerGenerator(customers));
// Manager will add and remove tellers as necessary:
exec.execute(new TellerManager(
exec, customers, ADJUSTMENT_PERIOD));
if(args.length > 0) // Optional argument
{
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(new Integer(args[0]));
} else {
System.out.println("Press 'Enter' to quit");
System.in.read();
static final int MAX_LINE_SIZE = 50;
static final int ADJUSTMENT_PERIOD = 1000;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// If line is too long, customers will leave:
CustomerLine customers =
new CustomerLine(MAX_LINE_SIZE);
exec.execute(new CustomerGenerator(customers));
// Manager will add and remove tellers as necessary:
exec.execute(new TellerManager(
exec, customers, ADJUSTMENT_PERIOD));
if (args.length > 0) // Optional argument
{
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(new Integer(args[0]));
} else {
System.out.println("Press 'Enter' to quit");
System.in.read();
}
exec.shutdownNow();
}
exec.shutdownNow();
}
} /* Output: (Sample)
[429][200][207] { T0 T1 }
[861][258][140][322] { T0 T1 }

10
src/concurrency/BasicThreads.java
View File

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/BasicThreads.java
// The most basic use of the Thread class.
public class BasicThreads {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t = new Thread(new LiftOff());
t.start();
System.out.println("Waiting for LiftOff");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t = new Thread(new LiftOff());
t.start();
System.out.println("Waiting for LiftOff");
}
} /* Output: (90% match)
Waiting for LiftOff
#0(9), #0(8), #0(7), #0(6), #0(5), #0(4), #0(3), #0(2), #0(1), #0(Liftoff!),

13
src/concurrency/CachedThreadPool.java
View File

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CachedThreadPool.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class CachedThreadPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
exec.execute(new LiftOff());
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
exec.execute(new LiftOff());
}
exec.shutdown();
}
exec.shutdown();
}
} /* Output: (Sample)
#0(9), #0(8), #1(9), #2(9), #3(9), #4(9), #0(7), #1(8), #2(8), #3(8), #4(8), #0(6), #1(7), #2(7), #3(7), #4(7), #0(5), #1(6), #2(6), #3(6), #4(6), #0(4), #1(5), #2(5), #3(5), #4(5), #0(3), #1(4), #2(4), #3(4), #4(4), #0(2), #1(3), #2(3), #3(3), #4(3), #0(1), #1(2), #2(2), #3(2), #4(2), #0(Liftoff!), #1(1), #2(1), #3(1), #4(1), #1(Liftoff!), #2(Liftoff!), #3(Liftoff!), #4(Liftoff!),
*///:~

56
src/concurrency/CallableDemo.java
View File

@@ -1,39 +1,43 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CallableDemo.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
class TaskWithResult implements Callable<String> {
private int id;
public TaskWithResult(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String call() {
return "result of TaskWithResult " + id;
}
private int id;
public TaskWithResult(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String call() {
return "result of TaskWithResult " + id;
}
}
public class CallableDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ArrayList<Future<String>> results =
new ArrayList<Future<String>>();
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
results.add(exec.submit(new TaskWithResult(i)));
}
for(Future<String> fs : results) {
try {
// get() blocks until completion:
System.out.println(fs.get());
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(e);
return;
} catch(ExecutionException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} finally {
exec.shutdown();
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ArrayList<Future<String>> results =
new ArrayList<Future<String>>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
results.add(exec.submit(new TaskWithResult(i)));
}
for (Future<String> fs : results) {
try {
// get() blocks until completion:
System.out.println(fs.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(e);
return;
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} finally {
exec.shutdown();
}
}
}
}
} /* Output:
result of TaskWithResult 0
result of TaskWithResult 1

56
src/concurrency/CaptureUncaughtException.java
View File

@@ -1,42 +1,46 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CaptureUncaughtException.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
class ExceptionThread2 implements Runnable {
public void run() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println("run() by " + t);
System.out.println(
"eh = " + t.getUncaughtExceptionHandler());
throw new RuntimeException();
}
@Override
public void run() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println("run() by " + t);
System.out.println(
"eh = " + t.getUncaughtExceptionHandler());
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
class MyUncaughtExceptionHandler implements
Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println("caught " + e);
}
Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println("caught " + e);
}
}
class HandlerThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
System.out.println(this + " creating new Thread");
Thread t = new Thread(r);
System.out.println("created " + t);
t.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(
new MyUncaughtExceptionHandler());
System.out.println(
"eh = " + t.getUncaughtExceptionHandler());
return t;
}
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
System.out.println(this + " creating new Thread");
Thread t = new Thread(r);
System.out.println("created " + t);
t.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(
new MyUncaughtExceptionHandler());
System.out.println(
"eh = " + t.getUncaughtExceptionHandler());
return t;
}
}
public class CaptureUncaughtException {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(
new HandlerThreadFactory());
exec.execute(new ExceptionThread2());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(
new HandlerThreadFactory());
exec.execute(new ExceptionThread2());
}
} /* Output: (90% match)
HandlerThreadFactory@de6ced creating new Thread
created Thread[Thread-0,5,main]

410
src/concurrency/CarBuilder.java
View File

@@ -1,211 +1,283 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CarBuilder.java
// A complex example of tasks working together.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class Car {
private final int id;
private boolean
engine = false, driveTrain = false, wheels = false;
public Car(int idn) { id = idn; }
// Empty Car object:
public Car() { id = -1; }
public synchronized int getId() { return id; }
public synchronized void addEngine() { engine = true; }
public synchronized void addDriveTrain() {
driveTrain = true;
}
public synchronized void addWheels() { wheels = true; }
public synchronized String toString() {
return "Car " + id + " [" + " engine: " + engine
+ " driveTrain: " + driveTrain
+ " wheels: " + wheels + " ]";
}
private final int id;
private boolean
engine = false, driveTrain = false, wheels = false;
public Car(int idn) {
id = idn;
}
// Empty Car object:
public Car() {
id = -1;
}
public synchronized int getId() {
return id;
}
public synchronized void addEngine() {
engine = true;
}
public synchronized void addDriveTrain() {
driveTrain = true;
}
public synchronized void addWheels() {
wheels = true;
}
@Override
public synchronized String toString() {
return "Car " + id + " [" + " engine: " + engine
+ " driveTrain: " + driveTrain
+ " wheels: " + wheels + " ]";
}
}
class CarQueue extends LinkedBlockingQueue<Car> {}
class CarQueue extends LinkedBlockingQueue<Car> {
}
class ChassisBuilder implements Runnable {
private CarQueue carQueue;
private int counter = 0;
public ChassisBuilder(CarQueue cq) { carQueue = cq; }
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
// Make chassis:
Car c = new Car(counter++);
print("ChassisBuilder created " + c);
// Insert into queue
carQueue.put(c);
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
print("Interrupted: ChassisBuilder");
private CarQueue carQueue;
private int counter = 0;
public ChassisBuilder(CarQueue cq) {
carQueue = cq;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
// Make chassis:
Car c = new Car(counter++);
print("ChassisBuilder created " + c);
// Insert into queue
carQueue.put(c);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
print("Interrupted: ChassisBuilder");
}
print("ChassisBuilder off");
}
print("ChassisBuilder off");
}
}
class Assembler implements Runnable {
private CarQueue chassisQueue, finishingQueue;
private Car car;
private CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(4);
private RobotPool robotPool;
public Assembler(CarQueue cq, CarQueue fq, RobotPool rp){
chassisQueue = cq;
finishingQueue = fq;
robotPool = rp;
}
public Car car() { return car; }
public CyclicBarrier barrier() { return barrier; }
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
// Blocks until chassis is available:
car = chassisQueue.take();
// Hire robots to perform work:
robotPool.hire(EngineRobot.class, this);
robotPool.hire(DriveTrainRobot.class, this);
robotPool.hire(WheelRobot.class, this);
barrier.await(); // Until the robots finish
// Put car into finishingQueue for further work
finishingQueue.put(car);
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
print("Exiting Assembler via interrupt");
} catch(BrokenBarrierException e) {
// This one we want to know about
throw new RuntimeException(e);
private CarQueue chassisQueue, finishingQueue;
private Car car;
private CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(4);
private RobotPool robotPool;
public Assembler(CarQueue cq, CarQueue fq, RobotPool rp) {
chassisQueue = cq;
finishingQueue = fq;
robotPool = rp;
}
public Car car() {
return car;
}
public CyclicBarrier barrier() {
return barrier;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
// Blocks until chassis is available:
car = chassisQueue.take();
// Hire robots to perform work:
robotPool.hire(EngineRobot.class, this);
robotPool.hire(DriveTrainRobot.class, this);
robotPool.hire(WheelRobot.class, this);
barrier.await(); // Until the robots finish
// Put car into finishingQueue for further work
finishingQueue.put(car);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
print("Exiting Assembler via interrupt");
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
// This one we want to know about
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
print("Assembler off");
}
print("Assembler off");
}
}
class Reporter implements Runnable {
private CarQueue carQueue;
public Reporter(CarQueue cq) { carQueue = cq; }
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
print(carQueue.take());
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
print("Exiting Reporter via interrupt");
private CarQueue carQueue;
public Reporter(CarQueue cq) {
carQueue = cq;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
print(carQueue.take());
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
print("Exiting Reporter via interrupt");
}
print("Reporter off");
}
print("Reporter off");
}
}
abstract class Robot implements Runnable {
private RobotPool pool;
public Robot(RobotPool p) { pool = p; }
protected Assembler assembler;
public Robot assignAssembler(Assembler assembler) {
this.assembler = assembler;
return this;
}
private boolean engage = false;
public synchronized void engage() {
engage = true;
notifyAll();
}
// The part of run() that's different for each robot:
abstract protected void performService();
public void run() {
try {
powerDown(); // Wait until needed
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
performService();
assembler.barrier().await(); // Synchronize
// We're done with that job...
powerDown();
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
print("Exiting " + this + " via interrupt");
} catch(BrokenBarrierException e) {
// This one we want to know about
throw new RuntimeException(e);
private RobotPool pool;
public Robot(RobotPool p) {
pool = p;
}
print(this + " off");
}
private synchronized void
powerDown() throws InterruptedException {
engage = false;
assembler = null; // Disconnect from the Assembler
// Put ourselves back in the available pool:
pool.release(this);
while(engage == false) // Power down
{
wait();
protected Assembler assembler;
public Robot assignAssembler(Assembler assembler) {
this.assembler = assembler;
return this;
}
private boolean engage = false;
public synchronized void engage() {
engage = true;
notifyAll();
}
// The part of run() that's different for each robot:
abstract protected void performService();
@Override
public void run() {
try {
powerDown(); // Wait until needed
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
performService();
assembler.barrier().await(); // Synchronize
// We're done with that job...
powerDown();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
print("Exiting " + this + " via interrupt");
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
// This one we want to know about
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
print(this + " off");
}
private synchronized void
powerDown() throws InterruptedException {
engage = false;
assembler = null; // Disconnect from the Assembler
// Put ourselves back in the available pool:
pool.release(this);
while (engage == false) // Power down
{
wait();
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getClass().getName();
}
}
public String toString() { return getClass().getName(); }
}
class EngineRobot extends Robot {
public EngineRobot(RobotPool pool) { super(pool); }
protected void performService() {
print(this + " installing engine");
assembler.car().addEngine();
}
public EngineRobot(RobotPool pool) {
super(pool);
}
@Override
protected void performService() {
print(this + " installing engine");
assembler.car().addEngine();
}
}
class DriveTrainRobot extends Robot {
public DriveTrainRobot(RobotPool pool) { super(pool); }
protected void performService() {
print(this + " installing DriveTrain");
assembler.car().addDriveTrain();
}
public DriveTrainRobot(RobotPool pool) {
super(pool);
}
@Override
protected void performService() {
print(this + " installing DriveTrain");
assembler.car().addDriveTrain();
}
}
class WheelRobot extends Robot {
public WheelRobot(RobotPool pool) { super(pool); }
protected void performService() {
print(this + " installing Wheels");
assembler.car().addWheels();
}
public WheelRobot(RobotPool pool) {
super(pool);
}
@Override
protected void performService() {
print(this + " installing Wheels");
assembler.car().addWheels();
}
}
class RobotPool {
// Quietly prevents identical entries:
private Set<Robot> pool = new HashSet<Robot>();
public synchronized void add(Robot r) {
pool.add(r);
notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void
hire(Class<? extends Robot> robotType, Assembler d)
throws InterruptedException {
for(Robot r : pool) {
if(r.getClass().equals(robotType)) {
pool.remove(r);
r.assignAssembler(d);
r.engage(); // Power it up to do the task
return;
}
// Quietly prevents identical entries:
private Set<Robot> pool = new HashSet<Robot>();
public synchronized void add(Robot r) {
pool.add(r);
notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void
hire(Class<? extends Robot> robotType, Assembler d)
throws InterruptedException {
for (Robot r : pool) {
if (r.getClass().equals(robotType)) {
pool.remove(r);
r.assignAssembler(d);
r.engage(); // Power it up to do the task
return;
}
}
wait(); // None available
hire(robotType, d); // Try again, recursively
}
public synchronized void release(Robot r) {
add(r);
}
wait(); // None available
hire(robotType, d); // Try again, recursively
}
public synchronized void release(Robot r) { add(r); }
}
public class CarBuilder {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CarQueue chassisQueue = new CarQueue(),
finishingQueue = new CarQueue();
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
RobotPool robotPool = new RobotPool();
exec.execute(new EngineRobot(robotPool));
exec.execute(new DriveTrainRobot(robotPool));
exec.execute(new WheelRobot(robotPool));
exec.execute(new Assembler(
chassisQueue, finishingQueue, robotPool));
exec.execute(new Reporter(finishingQueue));
// Start everything running by producing chassis:
exec.execute(new ChassisBuilder(chassisQueue));
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(7);
exec.shutdownNow();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CarQueue chassisQueue = new CarQueue(),
finishingQueue = new CarQueue();
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
RobotPool robotPool = new RobotPool();
exec.execute(new EngineRobot(robotPool));
exec.execute(new DriveTrainRobot(robotPool));
exec.execute(new WheelRobot(robotPool));
exec.execute(new Assembler(
chassisQueue, finishingQueue, robotPool));
exec.execute(new Reporter(finishingQueue));
// Start everything running by producing chassis:
exec.execute(new ChassisBuilder(chassisQueue));
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(7);
exec.shutdownNow();
}
} /* (Execute to see output) *///:~

23
src/concurrency/Chopstick.java
View File

@@ -2,16 +2,17 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/Chopstick.java
// Chopsticks for dining philosophers.
public class Chopstick {
private boolean taken = false;
public synchronized
void take() throws InterruptedException {
while(taken) {
wait();
private boolean taken = false;
public synchronized void take() throws InterruptedException {
while (taken) {
wait();
}
taken = true;
}
public synchronized void drop() {
taken = false;
notifyAll();
}
taken = true;
}
public synchronized void drop() {
taken = false;
notifyAll();
}
} ///:~

36
src/concurrency/CloseResource.java
View File

@@ -2,29 +2,31 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/CloseResource.java
// Interrupting a blocked task by
// closing the underlying resource.
// {RunByHand}
import java.net.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.io.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class CloseResource {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8080);
InputStream socketInput =
new Socket("localhost", 8080).getInputStream();
exec.execute(new IOBlocked(socketInput));
exec.execute(new IOBlocked(System.in));
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
print("Shutting down all threads");
exec.shutdownNow();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
print("Closing " + socketInput.getClass().getName());
socketInput.close(); // Releases blocked thread
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
print("Closing " + System.in.getClass().getName());
System.in.close(); // Releases blocked thread
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8080);
InputStream socketInput =
new Socket("localhost", 8080).getInputStream();
exec.execute(new IOBlocked(socketInput));
exec.execute(new IOBlocked(System.in));
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
print("Shutting down all threads");
exec.shutdownNow();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
print("Closing " + socketInput.getClass().getName());
socketInput.close(); // Releases blocked thread
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
print("Closing " + System.in.getClass().getName());
System.in.close(); // Releases blocked thread
}
} /* Output: (85% match)
Waiting for read():
Waiting for read():

114
src/concurrency/CountDownLatchDemo.java
View File

@@ -1,68 +1,82 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CountDownLatchDemo.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
// Performs some portion of a task:
class TaskPortion implements Runnable {
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
private final CountDownLatch latch;
TaskPortion(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
public void run() {
try {
doWork();
latch.countDown();
} catch(InterruptedException ex) {
// Acceptable way to exit
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
private final CountDownLatch latch;
TaskPortion(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
doWork();
latch.countDown();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// Acceptable way to exit
}
}
public void doWork() throws InterruptedException {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(2000));
print(this + "completed");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("%1$-3d ", id);
}
}
public void doWork() throws InterruptedException {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(2000));
print(this + "completed");
}
public String toString() {
return String.format("%1$-3d ", id);
}
}
// Waits on the CountDownLatch:
class WaitingTask implements Runnable {
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
private final CountDownLatch latch;
WaitingTask(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
public void run() {
try {
latch.await();
print("Latch barrier passed for " + this);
} catch(InterruptedException ex) {
print(this + " interrupted");
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
private final CountDownLatch latch;
WaitingTask(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
latch.await();
print("Latch barrier passed for " + this);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
print(this + " interrupted");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("WaitingTask %1$-3d ", id);
}
}
public String toString() {
return String.format("WaitingTask %1$-3d ", id);
}
}
public class CountDownLatchDemo {
static final int SIZE = 100;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// All must share a single CountDownLatch object:
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(SIZE);
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
exec.execute(new WaitingTask(latch));
static final int SIZE = 100;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// All must share a single CountDownLatch object:
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(SIZE);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
exec.execute(new WaitingTask(latch));
}
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
exec.execute(new TaskPortion(latch));
}
print("Launched all tasks");
exec.shutdown(); // Quit when all tasks complete
}
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
exec.execute(new TaskPortion(latch));
}
print("Launched all tasks");
exec.shutdown(); // Quit when all tasks complete
}
} /* (Execute to see output) *///:~

236
src/concurrency/CriticalSection.java
View File

@@ -3,138 +3,174 @@
// demonstrates protection of a non-thread-safe class
// with a thread-safe one.
package concurrency;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.*;
class Pair { // Not thread-safe
private int x, y;
public Pair(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
public Pair() { this(0, 0); }
public int getX() { return x; }
public int getY() { return y; }
public void incrementX() { x++; }
public void incrementY() { y++; }
public String toString() {
return "x: " + x + ", y: " + y;
}
public class PairValuesNotEqualException
extends RuntimeException {
public PairValuesNotEqualException() {
super("Pair values not equal: " + Pair.this);
private int x, y;
public Pair(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
}
// Arbitrary invariant -- both variables must be equal:
public void checkState() {
if(x != y) {
throw new PairValuesNotEqualException();
public Pair() {
this(0, 0);
}
public int getX() {
return x;
}
public int getY() {
return y;
}
public void incrementX() {
x++;
}
public void incrementY() {
y++;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "x: " + x + ", y: " + y;
}
public class PairValuesNotEqualException
extends RuntimeException {
public PairValuesNotEqualException() {
super("Pair values not equal: " + Pair.this);
}
}
// Arbitrary invariant -- both variables must be equal:
public void checkState() {
if (x != y) {
throw new PairValuesNotEqualException();
}
}
}
}
// Protect a Pair inside a thread-safe class:
abstract class PairManager {
AtomicInteger checkCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
protected Pair p = new Pair();
private List<Pair> storage =
Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Pair>());
public synchronized Pair getPair() {
// Make a copy to keep the original safe:
return new Pair(p.getX(), p.getY());
}
// Assume this is a time consuming operation
protected void store(Pair p) {
storage.add(p);
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(50);
} catch(InterruptedException ignore) {}
}
public abstract void increment();
AtomicInteger checkCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
protected Pair p = new Pair();
private List<Pair> storage =
Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Pair>());
public synchronized Pair getPair() {
// Make a copy to keep the original safe:
return new Pair(p.getX(), p.getY());
}
// Assume this is a time consuming operation
protected void store(Pair p) {
storage.add(p);
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(50);
} catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
}
}
public abstract void increment();
}
// Synchronize the entire method:
class PairManager1 extends PairManager {
public synchronized void increment() {
p.incrementX();
p.incrementY();
store(getPair());
}
@Override
public synchronized void increment() {
p.incrementX();
p.incrementY();
store(getPair());
}
}
// Use a critical section:
class PairManager2 extends PairManager {
public void increment() {
Pair temp;
synchronized(this) {
p.incrementX();
p.incrementY();
temp = getPair();
@Override
public void increment() {
Pair temp;
synchronized (this) {
p.incrementX();
p.incrementY();
temp = getPair();
}
store(temp);
}
store(temp);
}
}
class PairManipulator implements Runnable {
private PairManager pm;
public PairManipulator(PairManager pm) {
this.pm = pm;
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
pm.increment();
private PairManager pm;
public PairManipulator(PairManager pm) {
this.pm = pm;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
pm.increment();
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Pair: " + pm.getPair() +
" checkCounter = " + pm.checkCounter.get();
}
}
public String toString() {
return "Pair: " + pm.getPair() +
" checkCounter = " + pm.checkCounter.get();
}
}
class PairChecker implements Runnable {
private PairManager pm;
public PairChecker(PairManager pm) {
this.pm = pm;
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
pm.checkCounter.incrementAndGet();
pm.getPair().checkState();
private PairManager pm;
public PairChecker(PairManager pm) {
this.pm = pm;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
pm.checkCounter.incrementAndGet();
pm.getPair().checkState();
}
}
}
}
public class CriticalSection {
// Test the two different approaches:
static void
testApproaches(PairManager pman1, PairManager pman2) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
PairManipulator
pm1 = new PairManipulator(pman1),
pm2 = new PairManipulator(pman2);
PairChecker
pcheck1 = new PairChecker(pman1),
pcheck2 = new PairChecker(pman2);
exec.execute(pm1);
exec.execute(pm2);
exec.execute(pcheck1);
exec.execute(pcheck2);
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Sleep interrupted");
// Test the two different approaches:
static void
testApproaches(PairManager pman1, PairManager pman2) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
PairManipulator
pm1 = new PairManipulator(pman1),
pm2 = new PairManipulator(pman2);
PairChecker
pcheck1 = new PairChecker(pman1),
pcheck2 = new PairChecker(pman2);
exec.execute(pm1);
exec.execute(pm2);
exec.execute(pcheck1);
exec.execute(pcheck2);
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Sleep interrupted");
}
System.out.println("pm1: " + pm1 + "\npm2: " + pm2);
System.exit(0);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
PairManager
pman1 = new PairManager1(),
pman2 = new PairManager2();
testApproaches(pman1, pman2);
}
System.out.println("pm1: " + pm1 + "\npm2: " + pm2);
System.exit(0);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
PairManager
pman1 = new PairManager1(),
pman2 = new PairManager2();
testApproaches(pman1, pman2);
}
} /* Output: (Sample)
pm1: Pair: x: 15, y: 15 checkCounter = 272565
pm2: Pair: x: 16, y: 16 checkCounter = 3956974

39
src/concurrency/DaemonFromFactory.java
View File

@@ -1,27 +1,32 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/DaemonFromFactory.java
// Using a Thread Factory to create daemons.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class DaemonFromFactory implements Runnable {
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
print(Thread.currentThread() + " " + this);
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
print("Interrupted");
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
print(Thread.currentThread() + " " + this);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
print("Interrupted");
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(
new DaemonThreadFactory());
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
exec.execute(new DaemonFromFactory());
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(
new DaemonThreadFactory());
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
exec.execute(new DaemonFromFactory());
}
print("All daemons started");
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500); // Run for a while
}
print("All daemons started");
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500); // Run for a while
}
} /* (Execute to see output) *///:~

59
src/concurrency/Daemons.java
View File

@@ -1,44 +1,49 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/Daemons.java
// Daemon threads spawn other daemon threads.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class Daemon implements Runnable {
private Thread[] t = new Thread[10];
public void run() {
for(int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
t[i] = new Thread(new DaemonSpawn());
t[i].start();
printnb("DaemonSpawn " + i + " started, ");
private Thread[] t = new Thread[10];
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
t[i] = new Thread(new DaemonSpawn());
t[i].start();
printnb("DaemonSpawn " + i + " started, ");
}
for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
printnb("t[" + i + "].isDaemon() = " +
t[i].isDaemon() + ", ");
}
while (true) {
Thread.yield();
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
printnb("t[" + i + "].isDaemon() = " +
t[i].isDaemon() + ", ");
}
while(true) {
Thread.yield();
}
}
}
class DaemonSpawn implements Runnable {
public void run() {
while(true) {
Thread.yield();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
Thread.yield();
}
}
}
}
public class Daemons {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Thread d = new Thread(new Daemon());
d.setDaemon(true);
d.start();
printnb("d.isDaemon() = " + d.isDaemon() + ", ");
// Allow the daemon threads to
// finish their startup processes:
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Thread d = new Thread(new Daemon());
d.setDaemon(true);
d.start();
printnb("d.isDaemon() = " + d.isDaemon() + ", ");
// Allow the daemon threads to
// finish their startup processes:
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}
} /* Output: (Sample)
d.isDaemon() = true, DaemonSpawn 0 started, DaemonSpawn 1 started, DaemonSpawn 2 started, DaemonSpawn 3 started, DaemonSpawn 4 started, DaemonSpawn 5 started, DaemonSpawn 6 started, DaemonSpawn 7 started, DaemonSpawn 8 started, DaemonSpawn 9 started, t[0].isDaemon() = true, t[1].isDaemon() = true, t[2].isDaemon() = true, t[3].isDaemon() = true, t[4].isDaemon() = true, t[5].isDaemon() = true, t[6].isDaemon() = true, t[7].isDaemon() = true, t[8].isDaemon() = true, t[9].isDaemon() = true,
*///:~

31
src/concurrency/DaemonsDontRunFinally.java
View File

@@ -1,27 +1,30 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/DaemonsDontRunFinally.java
// Daemon threads don't run the finally clause
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class ADaemon implements Runnable {
public void run() {
try {
print("Starting ADaemon");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
print("Exiting via InterruptedException");
} finally {
print("This should always run?");
@Override
public void run() {
try {
print("Starting ADaemon");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
print("Exiting via InterruptedException");
} finally {
print("This should always run?");
}
}
}
}
public class DaemonsDontRunFinally {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Thread t = new Thread(new ADaemon());
t.setDaemon(true);
t.start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Thread t = new Thread(new ADaemon());
t.setDaemon(true);
t.start();
}
} /* Output:
Starting ADaemon
*///:~

51
src/concurrency/DeadlockingDiningPhilosophers.java
View File

@@ -1,33 +1,34 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/DeadlockingDiningPhilosophers.java
// Demonstrates how deadlock can be hidden in a program.
// {Args: 0 5 timeout}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class DeadlockingDiningPhilosophers {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int ponder = 5;
if(args.length > 0) {
ponder = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int ponder = 5;
if (args.length > 0) {
ponder = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
}
int size = 5;
if (args.length > 1) {
size = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
}
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
Chopstick[] sticks = new Chopstick[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
sticks[i] = new Chopstick();
}
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
exec.execute(new Philosopher(
sticks[i], sticks[(i + 1) % size], i, ponder));
}
if (args.length == 3 && args[2].equals("timeout")) {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
} else {
System.out.println("Press 'Enter' to quit");
System.in.read();
}
exec.shutdownNow();
}
int size = 5;
if(args.length > 1) {
size = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
}
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
Chopstick[] sticks = new Chopstick[size];
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
sticks[i] = new Chopstick();
}
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
exec.execute(new Philosopher(
sticks[i], sticks[(i+1) % size], i, ponder));
}
if(args.length == 3 && args[2].equals("timeout")) {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
} else {
System.out.println("Press 'Enter' to quit");
System.in.read();
}
exec.shutdownNow();
}
} /* (Execute to see output) *///:~

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