格式化代码

This commit is contained in:
2018-06-17 20:31:19 +08:00
parent c47f63d484
commit d089585f2c
851 changed files with 32567 additions and 26715 deletions

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@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
package access;//: access/ChocolateChip.java
// Can't use package-access member from another package.
import access.dessert.*;
public class ChocolateChip extends Cookie {
public ChocolateChip() {
System.out.println("ChocolateChip constructor");
}
public void chomp() {
//! bite(); // Can't access bite
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChocolateChip x = new ChocolateChip();
x.chomp();

View File

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
package access;//: access/ChocolateChip2.java
import access.cookie2.*;
public class ChocolateChip2 extends Cookie {
public ChocolateChip2() {
System.out.println("ChocolateChip2 constructor");
}
public void chomp() { bite(); } // Protected method
public void chomp() {
bite();
} // Protected method
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChocolateChip2 x = new ChocolateChip2();
x.chomp();

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@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
package access;//: access/Dinner.java
// Uses the library.
import access.dessert.*;
public class Dinner {

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@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package access;//: access/IceCream.java
// Demonstrates "private" keyword.
class Sundae {
private Sundae() {}
private Sundae() {
}
static Sundae makeASundae() {
return new Sundae();
}

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@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package access;//: access/ImportedMyClass.java
import access.mypackage.*;
public class ImportedMyClass {

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@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
package access;//: access/LibTest.java
// Uses the library.
import net.mindview.simple.*;
public class LibTest {

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@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ package access;//: access/Lunch.java
// effectively private with private constructors:
class Soup1 {
private Soup1() {}
private Soup1() {
}
// (1) Allow creation via static method:
public static Soup1 makeSoup() {
return new Soup1();
@@ -11,14 +13,19 @@ class Soup1 {
}
class Soup2 {
private Soup2() {}
private Soup2() {
}
// (2) Create a static object and return a reference
// upon request.(The "Singleton" pattern):
private static Soup2 ps1 = new Soup2();
public static Soup2 access() {
return ps1;
}
public void f() {}
public void f() {
}
}
// Only one public class allowed per file:
@@ -27,9 +34,11 @@ public class Lunch {
// Can't do this! Private constructor:
//! Soup1 soup = new Soup1();
}
void testStatic() {
Soup1 soup = Soup1.makeSoup();
}
void testSingleton() {
Soup2.access().f();
}

View File

@@ -2,11 +2,17 @@ package access;//: access/OrganizedByAccess.java
public class OrganizedByAccess {
public void pub1() { /* ... */ }
public void pub2() { /* ... */ }
public void pub3() { /* ... */ }
private void priv1() { /* ... */ }
private void priv2() { /* ... */ }
private void priv3() { /* ... */ }
private int i;
// ...
} ///:~

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@@ -2,5 +2,7 @@ package access;//: access/Pie.java
// The other class.
class Pie {
void f() { System.out.println("Pie.f()"); }
void f() {
System.out.println("Pie.f()");
}
} ///:~

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@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
package access;//: access/PrintTest.java
// Uses the static printing methods in Print.java.
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class PrintTest {

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@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package access;//: access/SingleImport.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class SingleImport {

View File

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ public class Cookie {
public Cookie() {
System.out.println("Cookie constructor");
}
protected void bite() {
System.out.println("bite");
}

View File

@@ -6,5 +6,8 @@ public class Cookie {
public Cookie() {
System.out.println("Cookie constructor");
}
void bite() { System.out.println("bite"); }
void bite() {
System.out.println("bite");
}
} ///:~

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@@ -1,18 +1,24 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitComposition.java
// Creating non-embedded tests.
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitComposition {
AtUnitExample1 testObject = new AtUnitExample1();
@Test boolean _methodOne() {
@Test
boolean _methodOne() {
return
testObject.methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test boolean _methodTwo() {
@Test
boolean _methodTwo() {
return testObject.methodTwo() == 2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitComposition");

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@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExample1.java
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
@@ -7,18 +8,38 @@ public class AtUnitExample1 {
public String methodOne() {
return "This is methodOne";
}
public int methodTwo() {
System.out.println("This is methodTwo");
return 2;
}
@Test boolean methodOneTest() {
@Test
boolean methodOneTest() {
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test boolean m2() { return methodTwo() == 2; }
@Test private boolean m3() { return true; }
@Test
boolean m2() {
return methodTwo() == 2;
}
@Test
private boolean m3() {
return true;
}
// Shows output for failure:
@Test boolean failureTest() { return false; }
@Test boolean anotherDisappointment() { return false; }
@Test
boolean failureTest() {
return false;
}
@Test
boolean anotherDisappointment() {
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample1");

View File

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExample2.java
// Assertions and exceptions can be used in @Tests.
package annotations;
import java.io.*;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
@@ -9,24 +11,34 @@ public class AtUnitExample2 {
public String methodOne() {
return "This is methodOne";
}
public int methodTwo() {
System.out.println("This is methodTwo");
return 2;
}
@Test void assertExample() {
@Test
void assertExample() {
assert methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test void assertFailureExample() {
@Test
void assertFailureExample() {
assert 1 == 2 : "What a surprise!";
}
@Test void exceptionExample() throws IOException {
@Test
void exceptionExample() throws IOException {
new FileInputStream("nofile.txt"); // Throws
}
@Test boolean assertAndReturn() {
@Test
boolean assertAndReturn() {
// Assertion with message:
assert methodTwo() == 2 : "methodTwo must equal 2";
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample2");

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@@ -1,27 +1,49 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExample3.java
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitExample3 {
private int n;
public AtUnitExample3(int n) { this.n = n; }
public int getN() { return n; }
public AtUnitExample3(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public int getN() {
return n;
}
public String methodOne() {
return "This is methodOne";
}
public int methodTwo() {
System.out.println("This is methodTwo");
return 2;
}
@TestObjectCreate static AtUnitExample3 create() {
@TestObjectCreate
static AtUnitExample3 create() {
return new AtUnitExample3(47);
}
@Test boolean initialization() { return n == 47; }
@Test boolean methodOneTest() {
@Test
boolean initialization() {
return n == 47;
}
@Test
boolean methodOneTest() {
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test boolean m2() { return methodTwo() == 2; }
@Test
boolean m2() {
return methodTwo() == 2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample3");

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@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExample4.java
package annotations;
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class AtUnitExample4 {
@@ -11,8 +14,15 @@ public class AtUnitExample4 {
"middle, and then thin again at the far end.";
private String word;
private Random rand = new Random(); // Time-based seed
public AtUnitExample4(String word) { this.word = word; }
public String getWord() { return word; }
public AtUnitExample4(String word) {
this.word = word;
}
public String getWord() {
return word;
}
public String scrambleWord() {
List<Character> chars = new ArrayList<Character>();
for (Character c : word.toCharArray()) {
@@ -25,22 +35,30 @@ public class AtUnitExample4 {
}
return result.toString();
}
@TestProperty static List<String> input =
@TestProperty
static List<String> input =
Arrays.asList(theory.split(" "));
@TestProperty
static Iterator<String> words = input.iterator();
@TestObjectCreate static AtUnitExample4 create() {
@TestObjectCreate
static AtUnitExample4 create() {
if (words.hasNext()) {
return new AtUnitExample4(words.next());
} else {
return null;
}
}
@Test boolean words() {
@Test
boolean words() {
print("'" + getWord() + "'");
return getWord().equals("are");
}
@Test boolean scramble1() {
@Test
boolean scramble1() {
// Change to a specific seed to get verifiable results:
rand = new Random(47);
print("'" + getWord() + "'");
@@ -48,13 +66,16 @@ public class AtUnitExample4 {
print(scrambled);
return scrambled.equals("lAl");
}
@Test boolean scramble2() {
@Test
boolean scramble2() {
rand = new Random(74);
print("'" + getWord() + "'");
String scrambled = scrambleWord();
print(scrambled);
return scrambled.equals("tsaeborornussu");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("starting");
OSExecute.command(

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@@ -1,16 +1,30 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExample5.java
package annotations;
import java.io.*;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitExample5 {
private String text;
public AtUnitExample5(String text) { this.text = text; }
public String toString() { return text; }
@TestProperty static PrintWriter output;
@TestProperty static int counter;
@TestObjectCreate static AtUnitExample5 create() {
public AtUnitExample5(String text) {
this.text = text;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return text;
}
@TestProperty
static PrintWriter output;
@TestProperty
static int counter;
@TestObjectCreate
static AtUnitExample5 create() {
String id = Integer.toString(counter++);
try {
output = new PrintWriter("Test" + id + ".txt");
@@ -19,23 +33,32 @@ public class AtUnitExample5 {
}
return new AtUnitExample5(id);
}
@TestObjectCleanup static void
@TestObjectCleanup
static void
cleanup(AtUnitExample5 tobj) {
System.out.println("Running cleanup");
output.close();
}
@Test boolean test1() {
@Test
boolean test1() {
output.print("test1");
return true;
}
@Test boolean test2() {
@Test
boolean test2() {
output.print("test2");
return true;
}
@Test boolean test3() {
@Test
boolean test3() {
output.print("test3");
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExample5");

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@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
//: annotations/AtUnitExternalTest.java
// Creating non-embedded tests.
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitExternalTest extends AtUnitExample1 {
@Test boolean _methodOne() {
@Test
boolean _methodOne() {
return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
}
@Test boolean _methodTwo() { return methodTwo() == 2; }
@Test
boolean _methodTwo() {
return methodTwo() == 2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit AtUnitExternalTest");

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@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
//: annotations/ExtractInterface.java
// APT-based annotation processing.
package annotations;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)

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@@ -1,23 +1,32 @@
//: annotations/HashSetTest.java
package annotations;
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class HashSetTest {
HashSet<String> testObject = new HashSet<String>();
@Test void initialization() {
@Test
void initialization() {
assert testObject.isEmpty();
}
@Test void _contains() {
@Test
void _contains() {
testObject.add("one");
assert testObject.contains("one");
}
@Test void _remove() {
@Test
void _remove() {
testObject.add("one");
testObject.remove("one");
assert testObject.isEmpty();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit HashSetTest");

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@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@
// annotations.InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory
// Multiplier.java -s ../annotations}
package annotations;
import com.sun.mirror.apt.*;
import com.sun.mirror.declaration.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
@@ -14,8 +16,12 @@ public class InterfaceExtractorProcessor
private final AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env;
private ArrayList<MethodDeclaration> interfaceMethods =
new ArrayList<MethodDeclaration>();
public InterfaceExtractorProcessor(
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) { this.env = env; }
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
this.env = env;
}
public void process() {
for (TypeDeclaration typeDecl :
env.getSpecifiedTypeDeclarations()) {

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@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
//: annotations/InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory.java
// APT-based annotation processing.
package annotations;
import com.sun.mirror.apt.*;
import com.sun.mirror.declaration.*;
import java.util.*;
public class InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory
@@ -12,10 +14,12 @@ public class InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
return new InterfaceExtractorProcessor(env);
}
public Collection<String> supportedAnnotationTypes() {
return
Collections.singleton("annotations.ExtractInterface");
}
public Collection<String> supportedOptions() {
return Collections.emptySet();
}

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@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@ public class Multiplier {
}
return total;
}
private int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; }
private int add(int x, int y) {
return x + y;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Multiplier m = new Multiplier();
System.out.println("11*16 = " + m.multiply(11, 16));

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@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package annotations;//: annotations/PasswordUtils.java
import java.util.*;
public class PasswordUtils {
@@ -7,10 +8,12 @@ public class PasswordUtils {
public boolean validatePassword(String password) {
return (password.matches("\\w*\\d\\w*"));
}
@UseCase(id = 48)
public String encryptPassword(String password) {
return new StringBuilder(password).reverse().toString();
}
@UseCase(id = 49, description =
"New passwords can't equal previously used ones")
public boolean checkForNewPassword(

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@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
package annotations;//: annotations/SimulatingNull.java
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SimulatingNull {
public int id() default -1;
public String description() default "";
} ///:~

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@@ -1,11 +1,21 @@
//: annotations/StackL.java
// A stack built on a linkedList.
package annotations;
import java.util.*;
public class StackL<T> {
private LinkedList<T> list = new LinkedList<T>();
public void push(T v) { list.addFirst(v); }
public T top() { return list.getFirst(); }
public T pop() { return list.removeFirst(); }
public void push(T v) {
list.addFirst(v);
}
public T top() {
return list.getFirst();
}
public T pop() {
return list.removeFirst();
}
} ///:~

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@@ -1,28 +1,35 @@
//: annotations/StackLStringTest.java
// Applying @Unit to generics.
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class StackLStringTest extends StackL<String> {
@Test void _push() {
@Test
void _push() {
push("one");
assert top().equals("one");
push("two");
assert top().equals("two");
}
@Test void _pop() {
@Test
void _pop() {
push("one");
push("two");
assert pop().equals("two");
assert pop().equals("one");
}
@Test void _top() {
@Test
void _top() {
push("A");
push("B");
assert top().equals("B");
assert top().equals("B");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
OSExecute.command(
"java net.mindview.atunit.AtUnit StackLStringTest");

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@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
//: annotations/Testable.java
package annotations;
import net.mindview.atunit.*;
public class Testable {
public void execute() {
System.out.println("Executing..");
}
@Test void testExecute() { execute(); }
@Test
void testExecute() {
execute();
}
} ///:~

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@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
package annotations;//: annotations/UseCase.java
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface UseCase {
public int id();
public String description() default "no description";
} ///:~

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@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package annotations;//: annotations/UseCaseTracker.java
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ public class UseCaseTracker {
System.out.println("Warning: Missing use case-" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> useCases = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Collections.addAll(useCases, 47, 48, 49, 50);

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@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
//: annotations/database/Constraints.java
package annotations.database;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Constraints {
boolean primaryKey() default false;
boolean allowNull() default true;
boolean unique() default false;
} ///:~

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@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
//: annotations/database/DBTable.java
package annotations.database;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) // Applies to classes only

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@@ -3,16 +3,35 @@ package annotations.database;
@DBTable(name = "MEMBER")
public class Member {
@SQLString(30) String firstName;
@SQLString(50) String lastName;
@SQLInteger Integer age;
@SQLString(30)
String firstName;
@SQLString(50)
String lastName;
@SQLInteger
Integer age;
@SQLString(value = 30,
constraints = @Constraints(primaryKey = true))
String handle;
static int memberCount;
public String getHandle() { return handle; }
public String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
public String getLastName() { return lastName; }
public String toString() { return handle; }
public Integer getAge() { return age; }
public String getHandle() {
return handle;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return handle;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
} ///:~

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@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
//: annotations/database/SQLInteger.java
package annotations.database;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SQLInteger {
String name() default "";
Constraints constraints() default @Constraints;
} ///:~

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@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
//: annotations/database/SQLString.java
package annotations.database;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SQLString {
int value() default 0;
String name() default "";
Constraints constraints() default @Constraints;
} ///:~

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@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@
// annotations.database.TableCreationProcessorFactory
// database/Member.java -s database}
package annotations.database;
import com.sun.mirror.apt.*;
import com.sun.mirror.declaration.*;
import com.sun.mirror.util.*;
import java.util.*;
import static com.sun.mirror.util.DeclarationVisitors.*;
public class TableCreationProcessorFactory
@@ -17,6 +20,7 @@ public class TableCreationProcessorFactory
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
return new TableCreationProcessor(env);
}
public Collection<String> supportedAnnotationTypes() {
return Arrays.asList(
"annotations.database.DBTable",
@@ -24,17 +28,21 @@ public class TableCreationProcessorFactory
"annotations.database.SQLString",
"annotations.database.SQLInteger");
}
public Collection<String> supportedOptions() {
return Collections.emptySet();
}
private static class TableCreationProcessor
implements AnnotationProcessor {
private final AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env;
private String sql = "";
public TableCreationProcessor(
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) {
this.env = env;
}
public void process() {
for (TypeDeclaration typeDecl :
env.getSpecifiedTypeDeclarations()) {
@@ -45,6 +53,7 @@ public class TableCreationProcessorFactory
sql = "";
}
}
private class TableCreationVisitor
extends SimpleDeclarationVisitor {
public void visitClassDeclaration(
@@ -58,6 +67,7 @@ public class TableCreationProcessorFactory
sql += " (";
}
}
public void visitFieldDeclaration(
FieldDeclaration d) {
String columnName = "";
@@ -87,6 +97,7 @@ public class TableCreationProcessorFactory
getConstraints(sString.constraints()) + ",";
}
}
private String getConstraints(Constraints con) {
String constraints = "";
if (!con.allowNull()) {

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@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
// Reflection-based annotation processor.
// {Args: annotations.database.Member}
package annotations.database;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ public class TableCreator {
}
}
}
private static String getConstraints(Constraints con) {
String constraints = "";
if (!con.allowNull()) {

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@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/AlphabeticSearch.java
// Searching with a Comparator.
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AlphabeticSearch {

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@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package arrays;//: arrays/ArrayOfGenericType.java
public class ArrayOfGenericType<T> {
T[] array; // OK
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public ArrayOfGenericType(int size) {
//! array = new T[size]; // Illegal

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@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ArrayOfGenerics.java
// It is possible to create arrays of generics.
import java.util.*;
public class ArrayOfGenerics {

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@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ArrayOptions.java
// Initialization & re-assignment of arrays.
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class ArrayOptions {

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@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ArraySearching.java
// Using Arrays.binarySearch().
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class ArraySearching {

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@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays.java
// Creating multidimensional arrays.
import java.util.*;
public class AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays {

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@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/AutoboxingArrays.java
import java.util.*;
public class AutoboxingArrays {

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@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/CompType.java
// Implementing Comparable in a class.
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class CompType implements Comparable<CompType> {
int i;
int j;
private static int count = 1;
public CompType(int n1, int n2) {
i = n1;
j = n2;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
String result = "[i = " + i + ", j = " + j + "]";
if (count++ % 3 == 0) {
@@ -19,17 +25,23 @@ public class CompType implements Comparable<CompType> {
}
return result;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(CompType rv) {
return (i < rv.i ? -1 : (i == rv.i ? 0 : 1));
}
private static Random r = new Random(47);
public static Generator<CompType> generator() {
return new Generator<CompType>() {
@Override
public CompType next() {
return new CompType(r.nextInt(100), r.nextInt(100));
}
};
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CompType[] a =
Generated.array(new CompType[12], generator());

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@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ComparatorTest.java
// Implementing a Comparator for a class.
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class CompTypeComparator implements Comparator<CompType> {
@Override
public int compare(CompType o1, CompType o2) {
return (o1.j < o2.j ? -1 : (o1.j == o2.j ? 0 : 1));
}

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@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ComparingArrays.java
// Using Arrays.equals()
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class ComparingArrays {

View File

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ContainerComparison.java
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class BerylliumSphere {
private static long counter;
private final long id = counter++;
public String toString() { return "Sphere " + id; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sphere " + id;
}
}
public class ContainerComparison {

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/CopyingArrays.java
// Using System.arraycopy()
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class CopyingArrays {

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/FillingArrays.java
// Using Arrays.fill()
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class FillingArrays {

View File

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/GeneratorsTest.java
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class GeneratorsTest {
public static int size = 10;
public static void test(Class<?> surroundingClass) {
for (Class<?> type : surroundingClass.getClasses()) {
System.out.print(type.getSimpleName() + ": ");
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ public class GeneratorsTest {
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test(CountingGenerator.class);
}

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/IceCream.java
// Returning arrays from methods.
import java.util.*;
public class IceCream {
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ public class IceCream {
"Mint Chip", "Mocha Almond Fudge", "Rum Raisin",
"Praline Cream", "Mud Pie"
};
public static String[] flavorSet(int n) {
if (n > FLAVORS.length) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Set too big");
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ public class IceCream {
}
return results;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(flavorSet(3)));

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/MultiDimWrapperArray.java
// Multidimensional arrays of "wrapper" objects.
import java.util.*;
public class MultiDimWrapperArray {

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/MultidimensionalObjectArrays.java
import java.util.*;
public class MultidimensionalObjectArrays {

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray.java
// Creating multidimensional arrays.
import java.util.*;
public class MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray {

View File

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ParameterizedArrayType.java
class ClassParameter<T> {
public T[] f(T[] arg) { return arg; }
public T[] f(T[] arg) {
return arg;
}
}
class MethodParameter {
public static <T> T[] f(T[] arg) { return arg; }
public static <T> T[] f(T[] arg) {
return arg;
}
}
public class ParameterizedArrayType {

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/PrimitiveConversionDemonstration.java
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class PrimitiveConversionDemonstration {

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/RaggedArray.java
import java.util.*;
public class RaggedArray {

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/RandomGeneratorsTest.java
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class RandomGeneratorsTest {

View File

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/Reverse.java
// The Collections.reverseOrder() Comparator
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class Reverse {

View File

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/StringSorting.java
// Sorting an array of Strings.
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class StringSorting {

View File

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/TestArrayGeneration.java
// Test the tools that use generators to fill arrays.
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class TestArrayGeneration {

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/TestGenerated.java
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class TestGenerated {

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package arrays;//: arrays/ThreeDWithNew.java
import java.util.*;
public class ThreeDWithNew {

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
//: bangbean/BangBean.java
// A graphical Bean.
package bangbean;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
@@ -15,31 +16,51 @@ BangBean extends JPanel implements Serializable {
private int fontSize = 48;
private Color tColor = Color.RED;
private ActionListener actionListener;
public BangBean() {
addMouseListener(new ML());
addMouseMotionListener(new MML());
}
public int getCircleSize() { return cSize; }
public int getCircleSize() {
return cSize;
}
public void setCircleSize(int newSize) {
cSize = newSize;
}
public String getBangText() { return text; }
public String getBangText() {
return text;
}
public void setBangText(String newText) {
text = newText;
}
public int getFontSize() { return fontSize; }
public int getFontSize() {
return fontSize;
}
public void setFontSize(int newSize) {
fontSize = newSize;
}
public Color getTextColor() { return tColor; }
public Color getTextColor() {
return tColor;
}
public void setTextColor(Color newColor) {
tColor = newColor;
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawOval(xm - cSize / 2, ym - cSize / 2, cSize, cSize);
}
// This is a unicast listener, which is
// the simplest form of listener management:
public void addActionListener(ActionListener l)
@@ -49,10 +70,13 @@ BangBean extends JPanel implements Serializable {
}
actionListener = l;
}
public void removeActionListener(ActionListener l) {
actionListener = null;
}
class ML extends MouseAdapter {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
Graphics g = getGraphics();
g.setColor(tColor);
@@ -70,13 +94,17 @@ BangBean extends JPanel implements Serializable {
}
}
}
class MML extends MouseMotionAdapter {
@Override
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
xm = e.getX();
ym = e.getY();
repaint();
}
}
@Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(200, 200);
}

View File

@@ -1,21 +1,27 @@
//: bangbean/BangBeanTest.java
// {Timeout: 5} Abort after 5 seconds when testing
package bangbean;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.SwingConsole.*;
public class BangBeanTest extends JFrame {
private JTextField txt = new JTextField(20);
// During testing, report actions:
class BBL implements ActionListener {
private int count = 0;
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
txt.setText("BangBean action " + count++);
}
}
public BangBeanTest() {
BangBean bb = new BangBean();
try {
@@ -26,6 +32,7 @@ public class BangBeanTest extends JFrame {
add(bb);
add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, txt);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
run(new BangBeanTest(), 400, 500);
}

View File

@@ -2,14 +2,17 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/ActiveObjectDemo.java
// Can only pass constants, immutables, "disconnected
// objects," or other active objects as arguments
// to asynch methods.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class ActiveObjectDemo {
private ExecutorService ex =
Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
private Random rand = new Random(47);
// Insert a random delay to produce the effect
// of a calculation time:
private void pause(int factor) {
@@ -20,9 +23,11 @@ public class ActiveObjectDemo {
print("sleep() interrupted");
}
}
public Future<Integer>
calculateInt(final int x, final int y) {
return ex.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() {
print("starting " + x + " + " + y);
pause(500);
@@ -30,9 +35,11 @@ public class ActiveObjectDemo {
}
});
}
public Future<Float>
calculateFloat(final float x, final float y) {
return ex.submit(new Callable<Float>() {
@Override
public Float call() {
print("starting " + x + " + " + y);
pause(2000);
@@ -40,7 +47,11 @@ public class ActiveObjectDemo {
}
});
}
public void shutdown() { ex.shutdown(); }
public void shutdown() {
ex.shutdown();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ActiveObjectDemo d1 = new ActiveObjectDemo();
// Prevents ConcurrentModificationException:

View File

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/AtomicEvenGenerator.java
// Atomic classes are occasionally useful in regular code.
// {RunByHand}
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
public class AtomicEvenGenerator extends IntGenerator {
private AtomicInteger currentEvenValue =
new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public int next() {
return currentEvenValue.addAndGet(2);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EvenChecker.test(new AtomicEvenGenerator());
}

View File

@@ -1,19 +1,30 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/AtomicIntegerTest.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.*;
public class AtomicIntegerTest implements Runnable {
private AtomicInteger i = new AtomicInteger(0);
public int getValue() { return i.get(); }
private void evenIncrement() { i.addAndGet(2); }
public int getValue() {
return i.get();
}
private void evenIncrement() {
i.addAndGet(2);
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
evenIncrement();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.err.println("Aborting");
System.exit(0);

View File

@@ -3,8 +3,14 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/Atomicity.java
public class Atomicity {
int i;
void f1() { i++; }
void f2() { i += 3; }
void f1() {
i++;
}
void f2() {
i += 3;
}
} /* Output: (Sample)
...
void f1();

View File

@@ -1,15 +1,26 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/AtomicityTest.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class AtomicityTest implements Runnable {
private int i = 0;
public int getValue() { return i; }
private synchronized void evenIncrement() { i++; i++; }
public int getValue() {
return i;
}
private synchronized void evenIncrement() {
i++;
i++;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
evenIncrement();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
AtomicityTest at = new AtomicityTest();

View File

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/AttemptLocking.java
// Locks in the concurrent library allow you
// to give up on trying to acquire a lock.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
public class AttemptLocking {
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void untimed() {
boolean captured = lock.tryLock();
try {
@@ -16,6 +18,7 @@ public class AttemptLocking {
}
}
}
public void timed() {
boolean captured = false;
try {
@@ -32,13 +35,18 @@ public class AttemptLocking {
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final AttemptLocking al = new AttemptLocking();
al.untimed(); // True -- lock is available
al.timed(); // True -- lock is available
// Now create a separate task to grab the lock:
new Thread() {
{ setDaemon(true); }
{
setDaemon(true);
}
@Override
public void run() {
al.lock.lock();
System.out.println("acquired");

View File

@@ -1,14 +1,23 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/BankTellerSimulation.java
// Using queues and multithreading.
// {Args: 5}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
// Read-only objects don't require synchronization:
class Customer {
private final int serviceTime;
public Customer(int tm) { serviceTime = tm; }
public int getServiceTime() { return serviceTime; }
public Customer(int tm) {
serviceTime = tm;
}
public int getServiceTime() {
return serviceTime;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[" + serviceTime + "]";
}
@@ -19,6 +28,8 @@ class CustomerLine extends ArrayBlockingQueue<Customer> {
public CustomerLine(int maxLineSize) {
super(maxLineSize);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
if (this.size() == 0) {
return "[Empty]";
@@ -35,9 +46,12 @@ class CustomerLine extends ArrayBlockingQueue<Customer> {
class CustomerGenerator implements Runnable {
private CustomerLine customers;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
public CustomerGenerator(CustomerLine cq) {
customers = cq;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
@@ -58,7 +72,12 @@ class Teller implements Runnable, Comparable<Teller> {
private int customersServed = 0;
private CustomerLine customers;
private boolean servingCustomerLine = true;
public Teller(CustomerLine cq) { customers = cq; }
public Teller(CustomerLine cq) {
customers = cq;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
@@ -77,18 +96,29 @@ class Teller implements Runnable, Comparable<Teller> {
}
System.out.println(this + "terminating");
}
public synchronized void doSomethingElse() {
customersServed = 0;
servingCustomerLine = false;
}
public synchronized void serveCustomerLine() {
assert !servingCustomerLine : "already serving: " + this;
servingCustomerLine = true;
notifyAll();
}
public String toString() { return "Teller " + id + " "; }
public String shortString() { return "T" + id; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Teller " + id + " ";
}
public String shortString() {
return "T" + id;
}
// Used by priority queue:
@Override
public synchronized int compareTo(Teller other) {
return customersServed < other.customersServed ? -1 :
(customersServed == other.customersServed ? 0 : 1);
@@ -104,6 +134,7 @@ class TellerManager implements Runnable {
new LinkedList<Teller>();
private int adjustmentPeriod;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
public TellerManager(ExecutorService e,
CustomerLine customers, int adjustmentPeriod) {
exec = e;
@@ -114,6 +145,7 @@ class TellerManager implements Runnable {
exec.execute(teller);
workingTellers.add(teller);
}
public void adjustTellerNumber() {
// This is actually a control system. By adjusting
// the numbers, you can reveal stability issues in
@@ -146,12 +178,15 @@ class TellerManager implements Runnable {
}
}
}
// Give a teller a different job or a break:
private void reassignOneTeller() {
Teller teller = workingTellers.poll();
teller.doSomethingElse();
tellersDoingOtherThings.offer(teller);
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
@@ -168,12 +203,17 @@ class TellerManager implements Runnable {
}
System.out.println(this + "terminating");
}
public String toString() { return "TellerManager "; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "TellerManager ";
}
}
public class BankTellerSimulation {
static final int MAX_LINE_SIZE = 50;
static final int ADJUSTMENT_PERIOD = 1000;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// If line is too long, customers will leave:

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CachedThreadPool.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class CachedThreadPool {

View File

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CallableDemo.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
class TaskWithResult implements Callable<String> {
private int id;
public TaskWithResult(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String call() {
return "result of TaskWithResult " + id;
}

View File

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CaptureUncaughtException.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
class ExceptionThread2 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println("run() by " + t);
@@ -13,12 +15,14 @@ class ExceptionThread2 implements Runnable {
class MyUncaughtExceptionHandler implements
Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println("caught " + e);
}
}
class HandlerThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
System.out.println(this + " creating new Thread");
Thread t = new Thread(r);

View File

@@ -1,22 +1,42 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CarBuilder.java
// A complex example of tasks working together.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class Car {
private final int id;
private boolean
engine = false, driveTrain = false, wheels = false;
public Car(int idn) { id = idn; }
public Car(int idn) {
id = idn;
}
// Empty Car object:
public Car() { id = -1; }
public synchronized int getId() { return id; }
public synchronized void addEngine() { engine = true; }
public Car() {
id = -1;
}
public synchronized int getId() {
return id;
}
public synchronized void addEngine() {
engine = true;
}
public synchronized void addDriveTrain() {
driveTrain = true;
}
public synchronized void addWheels() { wheels = true; }
public synchronized void addWheels() {
wheels = true;
}
@Override
public synchronized String toString() {
return "Car " + id + " [" + " engine: " + engine
+ " driveTrain: " + driveTrain
@@ -24,12 +44,18 @@ class Car {
}
}
class CarQueue extends LinkedBlockingQueue<Car> {}
class CarQueue extends LinkedBlockingQueue<Car> {
}
class ChassisBuilder implements Runnable {
private CarQueue carQueue;
private int counter = 0;
public ChassisBuilder(CarQueue cq) { carQueue = cq; }
public ChassisBuilder(CarQueue cq) {
carQueue = cq;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
@@ -52,13 +78,22 @@ class Assembler implements Runnable {
private Car car;
private CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(4);
private RobotPool robotPool;
public Assembler(CarQueue cq, CarQueue fq, RobotPool rp) {
chassisQueue = cq;
finishingQueue = fq;
robotPool = rp;
}
public Car car() { return car; }
public CyclicBarrier barrier() { return barrier; }
public Car car() {
return car;
}
public CyclicBarrier barrier() {
return barrier;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
@@ -84,7 +119,12 @@ class Assembler implements Runnable {
class Reporter implements Runnable {
private CarQueue carQueue;
public Reporter(CarQueue cq) { carQueue = cq; }
public Reporter(CarQueue cq) {
carQueue = cq;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
@@ -99,19 +139,29 @@ class Reporter implements Runnable {
abstract class Robot implements Runnable {
private RobotPool pool;
public Robot(RobotPool p) { pool = p; }
public Robot(RobotPool p) {
pool = p;
}
protected Assembler assembler;
public Robot assignAssembler(Assembler assembler) {
this.assembler = assembler;
return this;
}
private boolean engage = false;
public synchronized void engage() {
engage = true;
notifyAll();
}
// The part of run() that's different for each robot:
abstract protected void performService();
@Override
public void run() {
try {
powerDown(); // Wait until needed
@@ -129,6 +179,7 @@ abstract class Robot implements Runnable {
}
print(this + " off");
}
private synchronized void
powerDown() throws InterruptedException {
engage = false;
@@ -140,11 +191,19 @@ abstract class Robot implements Runnable {
wait();
}
}
public String toString() { return getClass().getName(); }
@Override
public String toString() {
return getClass().getName();
}
}
class EngineRobot extends Robot {
public EngineRobot(RobotPool pool) { super(pool); }
public EngineRobot(RobotPool pool) {
super(pool);
}
@Override
protected void performService() {
print(this + " installing engine");
assembler.car().addEngine();
@@ -152,7 +211,11 @@ class EngineRobot extends Robot {
}
class DriveTrainRobot extends Robot {
public DriveTrainRobot(RobotPool pool) { super(pool); }
public DriveTrainRobot(RobotPool pool) {
super(pool);
}
@Override
protected void performService() {
print(this + " installing DriveTrain");
assembler.car().addDriveTrain();
@@ -160,7 +223,11 @@ class DriveTrainRobot extends Robot {
}
class WheelRobot extends Robot {
public WheelRobot(RobotPool pool) { super(pool); }
public WheelRobot(RobotPool pool) {
super(pool);
}
@Override
protected void performService() {
print(this + " installing Wheels");
assembler.car().addWheels();
@@ -170,10 +237,12 @@ class WheelRobot extends Robot {
class RobotPool {
// Quietly prevents identical entries:
private Set<Robot> pool = new HashSet<Robot>();
public synchronized void add(Robot r) {
pool.add(r);
notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void
hire(Class<? extends Robot> robotType, Assembler d)
throws InterruptedException {
@@ -188,7 +257,10 @@ class RobotPool {
wait(); // None available
hire(robotType, d); // Try again, recursively
}
public synchronized void release(Robot r) { add(r); }
public synchronized void release(Robot r) {
add(r);
}
}
public class CarBuilder {

View File

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/Chopstick.java
public class Chopstick {
private boolean taken = false;
public synchronized
void take() throws InterruptedException {
public synchronized void take() throws InterruptedException {
while (taken) {
wait();
}
taken = true;
}
public synchronized void drop() {
taken = false;
notifyAll();

View File

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/CloseResource.java
// Interrupting a blocked task by
// closing the underlying resource.
// {RunByHand}
import java.net.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.io.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class CloseResource {

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CountDownLatchDemo.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
// Performs some portion of a task:
@@ -9,9 +11,12 @@ class TaskPortion implements Runnable {
private final int id = counter++;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
private final CountDownLatch latch;
TaskPortion(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
doWork();
@@ -20,10 +25,13 @@ class TaskPortion implements Runnable {
// Acceptable way to exit
}
}
public void doWork() throws InterruptedException {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(2000));
print(this + "completed");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("%1$-3d ", id);
}
@@ -34,9 +42,12 @@ class WaitingTask implements Runnable {
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
private final CountDownLatch latch;
WaitingTask(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
latch.await();
@@ -45,6 +56,8 @@ class WaitingTask implements Runnable {
print(this + " interrupted");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("WaitingTask %1$-3d ", id);
}
@@ -52,6 +65,7 @@ class WaitingTask implements Runnable {
public class CountDownLatchDemo {
static final int SIZE = 100;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// All must share a single CountDownLatch object:

View File

@@ -3,30 +3,51 @@
// demonstrates protection of a non-thread-safe class
// with a thread-safe one.
package concurrency;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.*;
class Pair { // Not thread-safe
private int x, y;
public Pair(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
public Pair() { this(0, 0); }
public int getX() { return x; }
public int getY() { return y; }
public void incrementX() { x++; }
public void incrementY() { y++; }
public Pair() {
this(0, 0);
}
public int getX() {
return x;
}
public int getY() {
return y;
}
public void incrementX() {
x++;
}
public void incrementY() {
y++;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "x: " + x + ", y: " + y;
}
public class PairValuesNotEqualException
extends RuntimeException {
public PairValuesNotEqualException() {
super("Pair values not equal: " + Pair.this);
}
}
// Arbitrary invariant -- both variables must be equal:
public void checkState() {
if (x != y) {
@@ -41,22 +62,27 @@ abstract class PairManager {
protected Pair p = new Pair();
private List<Pair> storage =
Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Pair>());
public synchronized Pair getPair() {
// Make a copy to keep the original safe:
return new Pair(p.getX(), p.getY());
}
// Assume this is a time consuming operation
protected void store(Pair p) {
storage.add(p);
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(50);
} catch(InterruptedException ignore) {}
} catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
}
}
public abstract void increment();
}
// Synchronize the entire method:
class PairManager1 extends PairManager {
@Override
public synchronized void increment() {
p.incrementX();
p.incrementY();
@@ -66,6 +92,7 @@ class PairManager1 extends PairManager {
// Use a critical section:
class PairManager2 extends PairManager {
@Override
public void increment() {
Pair temp;
synchronized (this) {
@@ -79,14 +106,19 @@ class PairManager2 extends PairManager {
class PairManipulator implements Runnable {
private PairManager pm;
public PairManipulator(PairManager pm) {
this.pm = pm;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
pm.increment();
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Pair: " + pm.getPair() +
" checkCounter = " + pm.checkCounter.get();
@@ -95,9 +127,12 @@ class PairManipulator implements Runnable {
class PairChecker implements Runnable {
private PairManager pm;
public PairChecker(PairManager pm) {
this.pm = pm;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
pm.checkCounter.incrementAndGet();
@@ -129,6 +164,7 @@ public class CriticalSection {
System.out.println("pm1: " + pm1 + "\npm2: " + pm2);
System.exit(0);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
PairManager
pman1 = new PairManager1(),

View File

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/DaemonFromFactory.java
// Using a Thread Factory to create daemons.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class DaemonFromFactory implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
@@ -15,6 +19,7 @@ public class DaemonFromFactory implements Runnable {
print("Interrupted");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(
new DaemonThreadFactory());

View File

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/Daemons.java
// Daemon threads spawn other daemon threads.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class Daemon implements Runnable {
private Thread[] t = new Thread[10];
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
t[i] = new Thread(new DaemonSpawn());
@@ -22,6 +26,7 @@ class Daemon implements Runnable {
}
class DaemonSpawn implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
Thread.yield();

View File

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/DaemonsDontRunFinally.java
// Daemon threads don't run the finally clause
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class ADaemon implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
print("Starting ADaemon");

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/DeadlockingDiningPhilosophers.java
// Demonstrates how deadlock can be hidden in a program.
// {Args: 0 5 timeout}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class DeadlockingDiningPhilosophers {

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/DelayQueueDemo.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
@@ -11,16 +13,21 @@ class DelayedTask implements Runnable, Delayed {
private final long trigger;
protected static List<DelayedTask> sequence =
new ArrayList<DelayedTask>();
public DelayedTask(int delayInMilliseconds) {
delta = delayInMilliseconds;
trigger = System.nanoTime() +
NANOSECONDS.convert(delta, MILLISECONDS);
sequence.add(this);
}
@Override
public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
return unit.convert(
trigger - System.nanoTime(), NANOSECONDS);
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Delayed arg) {
DelayedTask that = (DelayedTask) arg;
if (trigger < that.trigger) {
@@ -31,20 +38,31 @@ class DelayedTask implements Runnable, Delayed {
}
return 0;
}
public void run() { printnb(this + " "); }
@Override
public void run() {
printnb(this + " ");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("[%1$-4d]", delta) +
" Task " + id;
}
public String summary() {
return "(" + id + ":" + delta + ")";
}
public static class EndSentinel extends DelayedTask {
private ExecutorService exec;
public EndSentinel(int delay, ExecutorService e) {
super(delay);
exec = e;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (DelayedTask pt : sequence) {
printnb(pt.summary() + " ");
@@ -58,9 +76,12 @@ class DelayedTask implements Runnable, Delayed {
class DelayedTaskConsumer implements Runnable {
private DelayQueue<DelayedTask> q;
public DelayedTaskConsumer(DelayQueue<DelayedTask> q) {
this.q = q;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {

View File

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/EvenChecker.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class EvenChecker implements Runnable {
private IntGenerator generator;
private final int id;
public EvenChecker(IntGenerator g, int ident) {
generator = g;
id = ident;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (!generator.isCanceled()) {
int val = generator.next();
@@ -17,6 +21,7 @@ public class EvenChecker implements Runnable {
}
}
}
// Test any type of IntGenerator:
public static void test(IntGenerator gp, int count) {
System.out.println("Press Control-C to exit");
@@ -26,6 +31,7 @@ public class EvenChecker implements Runnable {
}
exec.shutdown();
}
// Default value for count:
public static void test(IntGenerator gp) {
test(gp, 10);

View File

@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/EvenGenerator.java
public class EvenGenerator extends IntGenerator {
private int currentEvenValue = 0;
@Override
public int next() {
++currentEvenValue; // Danger point here!
++currentEvenValue;
return currentEvenValue;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EvenChecker.test(new EvenGenerator());
}

View File

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/ExceptionThread.java
// {ThrowsException}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class ExceptionThread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
exec.execute(new ExceptionThread());

View File

@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/ExchangerDemo.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
class ExchangerProducer<T> implements Runnable {
private Generator<T> generator;
private Exchanger<List<T>> exchanger;
private List<T> holder;
ExchangerProducer(Exchanger<List<T>> exchg,
Generator<T> gen, List<T> holder) {
exchanger = exchg;
generator = gen;
this.holder = holder;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
@@ -32,10 +37,13 @@ class ExchangerConsumer<T> implements Runnable {
private Exchanger<List<T>> exchanger;
private List<T> holder;
private volatile T value;
ExchangerConsumer(Exchanger<List<T>> ex, List<T> holder) {
exchanger = ex;
this.holder = holder;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
@@ -55,6 +63,7 @@ class ExchangerConsumer<T> implements Runnable {
public class ExchangerDemo {
static int size = 10;
static int delay = 5; // Seconds
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
if (args.length > 0) {
size = new Integer(args[0]);

View File

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
//: concurrency/ExplicitCriticalSection.java
// Using explicit Lock objects to create critical sections.
package concurrency;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
// Synchronize the entire method:
class ExplicitPairManager1 extends PairManager {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public synchronized void increment() {
lock.lock();
try {
@@ -21,6 +24,8 @@ class ExplicitPairManager1 extends PairManager {
// Use a critical section:
class ExplicitPairManager2 extends PairManager {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void increment() {
Pair temp;
lock.lock();

View File

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/FastSimulation.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class FastSimulation {
@@ -11,7 +13,9 @@ public class FastSimulation {
static final AtomicInteger[][] GRID =
new AtomicInteger[N_ELEMENTS][N_GENES];
static Random rand = new Random(47);
static class Evolver implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
// Randomly select an element to work on:
@@ -41,6 +45,7 @@ public class FastSimulation {
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < N_ELEMENTS; i++) {

View File

@@ -5,12 +5,20 @@ public class Fat {
private volatile double d; // Prevent optimization
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
public Fat() {
// Expensive, interruptible operation:
for (int i = 1; i < 10000; i++) {
d += (Math.PI + Math.E) / (double) i;
}
}
public void operation() { System.out.println(this); }
public String toString() { return "Fat id: " + id; }
public void operation() {
System.out.println(this);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Fat id: " + id;
}
} ///:~

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/FixedDiningPhilosophers.java
// Dining philosophers without deadlock.
// {Args: 5 5 timeout}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class FixedDiningPhilosophers {

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/FixedThreadPool.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class FixedThreadPool {

View File

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/GreenhouseScheduler.java
// Rewriting innerclasses/GreenhouseController.java
// to use a ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.
// {Args: 5000}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
@@ -9,23 +10,30 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
private volatile boolean light = false;
private volatile boolean water = false;
private String thermostat = "Day";
public synchronized String getThermostat() {
return thermostat;
}
public synchronized void setThermostat(String value) {
thermostat = value;
}
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor scheduler =
new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(10);
public void schedule(Runnable event, long delay) {
scheduler.schedule(event, delay, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
public void
repeat(Runnable event, long initialDelay, long period) {
scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(
event, initialDelay, period, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
class LightOn implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here to
// physically turn on the light.
@@ -33,7 +41,9 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
light = true;
}
}
class LightOff implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here to
// physically turn off the light.
@@ -41,44 +51,59 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
light = false;
}
}
class WaterOn implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here.
System.out.println("Turning greenhouse water on");
water = true;
}
}
class WaterOff implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here.
System.out.println("Turning greenhouse water off");
water = false;
}
}
class ThermostatNight implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here.
System.out.println("Thermostat to night setting");
setThermostat("Night");
}
}
class ThermostatDay implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here.
System.out.println("Thermostat to day setting");
setThermostat("Day");
}
}
class Bell implements Runnable {
public void run() { System.out.println("Bing!"); }
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Bing!");
}
}
class Terminate implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Terminating");
scheduler.shutdownNow();
// Must start a separate task to do this job,
// since the scheduler has been shut down:
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (DataPoint d : data) {
System.out.println(d);
@@ -87,16 +112,20 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
}.start();
}
}
// New feature: data collection
static class DataPoint {
final Calendar time;
final float temperature;
final float humidity;
public DataPoint(Calendar d, float temp, float hum) {
time = d;
temperature = temp;
humidity = hum;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return time.getTime() +
String.format(
@@ -104,11 +133,14 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
temperature, humidity);
}
}
private Calendar lastTime = Calendar.getInstance();
{ // Adjust date to the half hour
lastTime.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 30);
lastTime.set(Calendar.SECOND, 00);
}
private float lastTemp = 65.0f;
private int tempDirection = +1;
private float lastHumidity = 50.0f;
@@ -116,7 +148,9 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
private Random rand = new Random(47);
List<DataPoint> data = Collections.synchronizedList(
new ArrayList<DataPoint>());
class CollectData implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Collecting data");
synchronized (GreenhouseScheduler.this) {
@@ -143,6 +177,7 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
GreenhouseScheduler gh = new GreenhouseScheduler();
gh.schedule(gh.new Terminate(), 5000);

View File

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
package concurrency;//: concurrency/HorseRace.java
// Using CyclicBarriers.
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class Horse implements Runnable {
@@ -10,8 +12,16 @@ class Horse implements Runnable {
private int strides = 0;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
private static CyclicBarrier barrier;
public Horse(CyclicBarrier b) { barrier = b; }
public synchronized int getStrides() { return strides; }
public Horse(CyclicBarrier b) {
barrier = b;
}
public synchronized int getStrides() {
return strides;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
@@ -27,7 +37,12 @@ class Horse implements Runnable {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public String toString() { return "Horse " + id + " "; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Horse " + id + " ";
}
public String tracks() {
StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < getStrides(); i++) {
@@ -44,8 +59,10 @@ public class HorseRace {
private ExecutorService exec =
Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
private CyclicBarrier barrier;
public HorseRace(int nHorses, final int pause) {
barrier = new CyclicBarrier(nHorses, new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < FINISH_LINE; i++) {
@@ -75,6 +92,7 @@ public class HorseRace {
exec.execute(horse);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int nHorses = 7;
int pause = 200;

View File

@@ -2,8 +2,15 @@ package concurrency;//: concurrency/IntGenerator.java
public abstract class IntGenerator {
private volatile boolean canceled = false;
public abstract int next();
// Allow this to be canceled:
public void cancel() { canceled = true; }
public boolean isCanceled() { return canceled; }
public void cancel() {
canceled = true;
}
public boolean isCanceled() {
return canceled;
}
} ///:~

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